RH - neoplasia - some effects tumours can have on the host

Question 1

What are the direct (physical) effects that tumours can have on a host?

Answer 1

Space occupying and compressive.
Obstructive.
Ulceration & tissue destruction.
Haemorrhage.

Question 2

What are the indirect effects that tumours can have on a host?

Answer 2

Paraneoplastic syndromes - alter in structure and function distant from the tumour site.
Release of biologically active substances such as cytokines and hormones.
Immune mediated response (cross reactivity)

Question 3

What is humeral hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

Answer 3

Anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma (dogs) and a lymphoma both contribute PTHrP.
This binds parathyroid hormone receptors.
Which then causes hypercalcaemia.