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IMHM > RH BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM Terminologies only > Flashcards

RH BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM Terminologies only Flashcards

1
Q

RH Blood group system- refers to a specific red blood cell antigen (____), currently composed of _______ different antigenic specificities

A

D antigen
61

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2
Q

2nd most important blood group system in terms of transfusion, as they are [less/very] immunogenic

A

RH blood group system

very immunogenic

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3
Q

Rh AG reside on

A

proteins

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4
Q

they are produced after exposure to foreign cells and once present, it can cause [2]

A

Rh AB
HTR, HDN

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5
Q

Discoveries that took place in 1939

A

Philip levine & stetson: RH blood group system [D antigen]

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6
Q

Discoveries that took place in 1940

A

Ab made guinea pigs/rabbit when transfused w/ Rhesus macaque monkey’s RBC

Fisher & Race – INVESTIGATED AG in human + newly defined Rh antrigen

Cc and Ee AG discovered

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7
Q

Rh [AG/AB] agglutinated [#%] human RBCs

A

Rh AB
85%

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8
Q

Rh was named after?

A

Rhesus macaque monkey

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9
Q

Anti-Rh produced by animals was renamed as ______. Since [2] discovered it in the animals

A

Anti-LW

Landsteiner & Weiner

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10
Q

Fisher-Race

—based on the theory that antigens of the systems are produced by [2/3] closely linked set of ______: _____ inherited from each parent

A

3

alleles

DCE

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11
Q

Fisher-Race

—RH blood group system antigens

A

D,d,C,c,E,e

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12
Q

What nomenclature is this theory?

Each person inherits a set of Rh genes from each parents

A

Fisher-Race

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13
Q

Fisher-Race

An individual’s Rh phenotype is reported as ____ because Fisher-Race postulated that the ____ locus lies between ____and ____ loci.

A

DCE

C/c

D/d and E/e

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14
Q

Fisher-Race

—-_______ represent actual Ags recognized by
specific antibodies.

A

C,c,E,e

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15
Q

Sequence of immunogenicity degree [high to low]

A

D>c>E>C>e

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16
Q

Enumerate the antigens being coded by the ff:

D gene
C gene
E gene

A

D antigen
C antigen
E antigen

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17
Q

Sequence [w/ percentage] of gene frequency

A

e [98%] > D [85%] > c [80%] > C [70%] > E [30%] > d [15%]

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18
Q

Accdg to this terminology ________

Gene responsible for defining Rh produces an ________ that contains a series of blood _____, in which each factor is an antigen recognized by an _______.

A

Weiner Terminology

agglutinogen

factors

antibody

19
Q

According to Weiner , this Rh gene produced at least [#] factors within an agglutinogen.

A

3

20
Q

In Weiber Nomenclature, _______ may be considered the phenotypic expression of the haplotype

A

Agglutinogen

21
Q

__________ proposed a system that assigns a number to each antigen of the Rh system in order of its discovery or recognized relationship.

A

Rosenfield & associates Alphanumeric Terminology

22
Q

This simply implies the presence or absence of the antigen on the RBC.

A

Rosenfield & associates

23
Q

This system has no genetic basis

A

Rosenfield & Associates

24
Q

adopted a [#]-digit number for each authenticated antigen belonging to a blood group system

A

International Society of Blood Transfusion [ISBT]

25
Q

ISBT

First three number: represent the ______ [___]

Remaining three number: ________

A

system 004]

Antigenic Specificity

26
Q

There are 2 closely linked genes located on chromosome 1, that controls the expression of Rh proteins:

A

RHCE
RHD

27
Q

________ - codes for the presence or absence of the RhD protein
________ – codes for either RhCe, RhcE, Rhce, or RhCE proteins

A

RHD

RHCE

28
Q

location of the 2 closely-linked genes that controls the epression of rH proteins.

A

Chromosome 1

29
Q

resides in chromosome ___, produces a Rh-associated glycoprotein that is very similar in structure to the Rh proteins.

A

RHAG gene

6

30
Q

is called a coexpressor and must be present
the successful expression of the Rh antigens but by itself does not express any of the Rh antigens.

A

RHAG gene

31
Q

◆ Rh positive individuals constitute ___% of the population
◆ Rh negative individuals do not express the __ antigen on the RBC; Rh negative individuals constitute ____% of the population

A

85%

D
15%

32
Q

absence of Rh antigens on the RBC membrane phenotype written as
________.

A

Rh null

( —/—)

33
Q

weakened EXPRESSION of Rh antigens; placing a ______ indicates weakened antigen expression (small)

A

Rh mod

parenthesis

34
Q

Approximately ___% of Rh negative individuals produce anti-___ if given Rh positive blood.

A

70%

anti-D

35
Q

This is not being performed because C and E antigens are not as immunogenic as D

A

Routine typing of C and E

36
Q

is a weak FORM of the D antigen rarely found among _______ but common in blacks (___%)

A

Weak D Antigen [Du]

Caucasians

22%

37
Q

Du red cells give a [positive/negative-weak] reaction with anti-D

A

negative-weak

38
Q

Du is detected by performing an _________

A

Indirect antiglobulin test

39
Q

Mechanisms of Weak D [Du] Antigen

Elaborate

A

Genetic Weak D
– D antigens are completely expressed but FEW IN NUMBERS

Position effect: C in Trans to D
– trans causes decreased in D antigen sites.
[Normal: DCe/dce] PANTAY
[Weakened: Dce/dCe]

Incomplete/Partial D or D Mosaic
– 1 or more D epitopes missing/altered; remaining portion then stimulates ALLOANTIBODY

Del Phenotype
–RBC possess an EXTREMELY low number of D antigen that most reagent anti-D are unable to detect.

40
Q

D antigen as Del phenotype can be detected by

A

adsorption and elution

41
Q

Rh ANTIBODIES
➔ Mostly [IgM/IgG] and reacts optimally at ___ C after ______ testing (IgG 1,2,3,4; IgG __ and __ are the most clinically significant)

➔ Shows ______ and are enhanced by ______

➔ Causes _____ (most are [IgM/IgG] and can cross the placenta)

A

IgG
37C
antiglobulin testing
IgG1,3

dosage
enzymes

HDN
IgG

42
Q

➔ Immune antibodies: production stimulated by [3]

A

pregnancy
transplantation
transfusion

43
Q

RH ANTIBODIES

➔ [Bind/Do not bind] complement (intravascular)
➔ __________ is extravascular

A

Do not bind

RBC destruction

44
Q

most clinically significant types of IgG in RH

A

IgG1,3

IMHM (4 decks)

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