Revolutions and Results

Question 1

1848 revolutions
Tuscany

Answer 1

February 1848 = Grand Duke Leopold grants a conservative constitution
October = appoints a more democratic government
January 1849 = radical turn — street riots in port city Leghorn + Leopold flees
April = Piedmont’s defeat in Novara — decrease in radicalism so Leopold returns

Question 2

1848 revolutions
Rome
Republic

Answer 2

Feb 48 = Constitution, April 29th Papal Allocution
September 48 = Count Rossi PM to clamp down on radicals
November 1848 = Rossi is murdered by the mob and the Pope flees
January 1849 = elections held and the Constituente is elected
March = Mazzini arrives to form the Triumvirate —> reforms Roman law, clears slums, abolished death penalty
June = Triumvirate issue a constitution
July Seige of Rome = 20,000 French versus Garibaldi hold for 2 months
April 50 = Pope back

Question 3

1848 revolutions
Piedmont

Answer 3

March 22nd 1848 = Charles Albert declares war on Austria —> Lombardy alines with Piedmont
May = he wins at the Battle of Goito
July = crushed at the Battle of Custozza
August = Piedmont is expelled from Lombardy
March 1849 = Piedmont is crushed at the Battle of Novara —> CA abdicates and VEII replaces him
August = Piedmont has peace with Austria — forced to pay 65 million French Francs in reparations

Question 4

1848 revolutions
Vienna (capital of Austria)

Answer 4

March 1848 = revolution breaks out
—> Metternich resigns
June 1848 = Prince Schearzenberg persuades the government to let him fight Charles Albert

Question 5

1848 revolutions
Lombardy

Answer 5

March 1848 = boycott on tobacco = 5 Glorious Days of Milan
+ General Radetsky withdraws troops from the Quadrilateral
+ Lombardy alliance with Piedmont
August = Piedmont is expelled from Lombardy
By the terms of the Salasco armistice (August 9, 1848), the Piedmontese army abandoned Lombardy.

Question 6

1848 revolutions
Venetia

Answer 6

March 1848 = Venetian republic declared under Daniel Manin + alliance with Piedmont and Lombardy
August 1849 = forced to surrender due to an outbreak of cholera
—> and Venetia was back under Austrian control

Question 7

Mazzini failed revolts

Answer 7

Cavour turned Mazzini in causing 1853 Milan revolution to fail
Also failed in Massa 1854 and Palermo 1856

Question 8

1848 Revolutions
Naples + Sicily

Answer 8

Jan 48 - Sicily revolt begins vs. 5,000 reinforcements
Feb 48 - Ferdinand grants a conservative constitution to Naples after uprisings began which were inspired by Sicily
April 48 - a parliament is elected in Sicily and declare Naples and Sicily separate
May 48 - a moderate ministry is established in Naples
Sept 48 - Ferdinand bombs Sicily for 3 days = King bomba
March 49 - the parliament is abolished in Sicily
April 49 - naples taken and united with Sicily
May 49 - Ferdinand re-establishes his autocratic rule