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World History > Revolution > Flashcards

Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A
  • Prussian military captain

- trained Continentals to be regular soldier

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2
Q

Marquis de Lafayette

A
  • French aristocrat

- used influence to get French soldiers for reinforcement

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3
Q

What was Britain’s new strategy in 1778?

A

shift operations South and gain Loyalist support and move North

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4
Q

General Cornwallis

A
  • British
  • captured Savannah and Charlestown
  • took 5,500 soldiers as P.O.W.s
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5
Q

General Nathanael Greene

A
  • American
  • weakens British using retreat methods
  • battles in Carolines to take 25% of British troops
  • pleads with Lafayette to move to VA
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6
Q

The Battle of Yorktown

A

American attacked at the Chesapeake Bay in 1781 (where Lafayette was waiting for them because they had a spy on the inside, Hercules Mulligan). They shot continuously for days until the British surrendered on Oct 19, 1781

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7
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A
  • Britain recognizes America’s independence
  • American take land from Atlantic to Mississippi
  • did not specify when British would evacuate
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8
Q

Egalitarianism

A
  • war brings different social classes together
  • belief in equality of all people
  • effort and virtue matter more than money and family connections
  • only applied to white males
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9
Q

Colonial Rights as an Englishmen

A
  • due process of law
  • freedom of the press
  • trial by jury
  • protection from foreign attack
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10
Q

British democracy

A
  • wealth and birth determined by power and status
  • there was no formal charter outlining citizen rights
  • only 1/4 of British males could vote
  • Parliament claimed virtual representation allowing it to make laws for all British subjects
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11
Q

Colonial Democracy

A
  • most colonies had elected assemblies
  • these charters outlined individual rights
  • colonial assemblies controlled royal governor by withholding their salaries if displeased
  • most males could vote for members of Parliament
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12
Q

What are a few of the things that happened after the French and Indian war?

A
  • the war raised Britain’s debt. Defending the colonies was expensive
  • people in Britain already paid higher taxes
  • by collecting taxes and paying royal governors directly, Parliament could take control away from the colonial assemblies
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13
Q

Parliament reasoning

A
  • parliament represented, and could tax and subject
  • Other citizens could not vote but still paid taxes
  • the revenue was necessary
  • the colonist could afford to pay their share
  • the colonist were selfish and narrow-minded
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14
Q

Sugar Act

A
  • 1764

- assigned customs officers and special courts to collect taxes and prosecute smugglers

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15
Q

Quartering Act

A
  • 1765

- required colonist to provided housing and supplies for British soldiers

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16
Q

Stamp Act

A
  • 1765

- taxed printed materials, such as newspapers, books, and contracts

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17
Q

How did the colonist protest intellectually?

A
  • argued that government was a social contract
  • advocate natural rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness)
  • wrote articles and essays
18
Q

How did the colonist protest economically?

A
  • DARs wore only homespun clothing

- nonimportation agreements called for boycott of goods from Britain

19
Q

How did colonist protest violently?

A
  • rebels tarred and feathered tax collectors

- mobs destroyed the governor’s home and assaulted royal officers

20
Q

Who did the Quakers support?

A

the Patriots but did not fight

21
Q

Who did the African Americans support and why?

A

They sided with the British because they promised them freedom if they won

22
Q

Who did the Natives support and why?

A

the British because they felt as if the British were a smaller threat to their land and could protect them

23
Q

Who embraced the patriot cause?

A

farmers, artisans, merchants, landowners and elected officials

24
Q

Pro War View

A

John Adams argued:

  • colonies should establish a gov and declare independence from Britain
  • colonies adopt MA militia as the Continental Army
  • appoint general to lead Continental army
  • Peace
25
Q

Peace and Reconiliation

A

John Dickinson argued:

  • opposed MA aggressiveness
  • believed reconciliation with Britain was the only way to end the conflict peacefully
26
Q

June 1775

A
  • Violence in MA continues
  • IN Philadelphia, the 2nd Continental Congress:
    • adopts the MA militia as the Continental Army
    • Colonel George Washington is appointed general of the Continental Army
27
Q

The Battle of Bunker Hill

A
  • 2400 British soldiers were ordered to strike at militiamen who had taken Bunker Hill
  • MA militiamen were ordered to hold their fire until they could see the white in their eyes
  • British forces advanced three times before finally taking the hill
28
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A
  • general Gage decided to attack colonial militia on a hill near Bunker Hill
  • nearly 2,300 British soldiers
  • British attack up hill
  • colonist held their fire until the last minute
  • they ran low of ammunition after 3 attacks
  • British are successful
    Ds colonist lost 450 men, British lost over 1,000
  • deadliest battle of the war
29
Q

Colonist Strengths

A
  • familiar with land
  • good, strong, military leadership
  • inspired cause
30
Q

Colonist weakness

A
  • untrained soldiers
  • shortage of supplies
  • poor navy
  • no strong, central government to enforce wartime policies
31
Q

British strengths

A
  • strong and trained army
  • strong gov with money
  • support of loyalist Colonist and Native Americans
32
Q

British weaknesses

A
  • not familiar with land

- weak military leaders

33
Q

The war moves

A
  • British wanted to isolate New England
    • they seized NYC
  • General William Howe, Admiral Richard Howe had 32,000 soldiers, German mercenaries
  • Washington rallied 23,000 militia and most had poor equipment and little training. They had to retreat after sever losses
  • British pushed Washington and his 8,000 men across the Delaware River to Pennsylvania
34
Q

Battle of Trenton

A
  • Washington and 2,400 soldiers marched 9 miles to NJ
  • Hessians occupied this area
  • Americans killed 30 and took 918 captive and stole 6 canons
  • brought American moral up
35
Q

Valley Forge

A
  • 1777-1778
  • continental army and Washington were in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania for the winter
  • barely any food, clothes, supplies, freezing cold, huts, woods, 2,000 out of 10,000 died
  • British were in Pennsylvania, stayed in Loyalist homes
36
Q

A turning point

A
  • French secretly sending Patriots weapons as early as 1776
  • Saratoga victory trust in American army
  • French recognized American independence
  • 1778, hey signed an alliance that said France couldn’t make peace with Britain until they recognized American independence
37
Q

How did the Coercive Act Punish Boston?

A
  • closed the port of Boston
  • quartered soldiers in Boston homes
  • increased the governor’s power at the expense of legislature
  • allowed British officials to be tried in Britain
38
Q

First Continental Congress

A
  • met in Philadelphia

- most still hoped the king would side with them against Parliament

39
Q

Victory at Saratoga

A
  • major loss for British

- led to British changing tactic to coast and South

40
Q

The Olive Branch Petition

A
  • sent to King George
  • stressed that the congress wanted to return to the ‘former harmony’ between colonies and Britain
  • rejected by King George
    • labels the 1st Continental congress as ‘rebels’
    • orders a naval blockade of the American coast
41
Q

Common Sense

A
  • 50 pages anonymous pamphlet written by Thomas Paine
  • claimed the time had come for the colonist to fulfill their destiny
  • wanted an opportunity to create a better society
    • equal social and economic opportunities
    • free from tyranny
  • 500,000 copies sold
  • helped overcome many doubts about separating from Britain
42
Q

Loyalist

A
  • many changed sides depending on the outcome
  • many remained loyal because they thought Britain would win
  • most who worked for the crown stayed loyal

World History (4 decks)

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