Revolution Flashcards
Friedrich von Steuben
- Prussian military captain
- trained Continentals to be regular soldier
Marquis de Lafayette
- French aristocrat
- used influence to get French soldiers for reinforcement
What was Britain’s new strategy in 1778?
shift operations South and gain Loyalist support and move North
General Cornwallis
- British
- captured Savannah and Charlestown
- took 5,500 soldiers as P.O.W.s
General Nathanael Greene
- American
- weakens British using retreat methods
- battles in Carolines to take 25% of British troops
- pleads with Lafayette to move to VA
The Battle of Yorktown
American attacked at the Chesapeake Bay in 1781 (where Lafayette was waiting for them because they had a spy on the inside, Hercules Mulligan). They shot continuously for days until the British surrendered on Oct 19, 1781
Treaty of Paris 1783
- Britain recognizes America’s independence
- American take land from Atlantic to Mississippi
- did not specify when British would evacuate
Egalitarianism
- war brings different social classes together
- belief in equality of all people
- effort and virtue matter more than money and family connections
- only applied to white males
Colonial Rights as an Englishmen
- due process of law
- freedom of the press
- trial by jury
- protection from foreign attack
British democracy
- wealth and birth determined by power and status
- there was no formal charter outlining citizen rights
- only 1/4 of British males could vote
- Parliament claimed virtual representation allowing it to make laws for all British subjects
Colonial Democracy
- most colonies had elected assemblies
- these charters outlined individual rights
- colonial assemblies controlled royal governor by withholding their salaries if displeased
- most males could vote for members of Parliament
What are a few of the things that happened after the French and Indian war?
- the war raised Britain’s debt. Defending the colonies was expensive
- people in Britain already paid higher taxes
- by collecting taxes and paying royal governors directly, Parliament could take control away from the colonial assemblies
Parliament reasoning
- parliament represented, and could tax and subject
- Other citizens could not vote but still paid taxes
- the revenue was necessary
- the colonist could afford to pay their share
- the colonist were selfish and narrow-minded
Sugar Act
- 1764
- assigned customs officers and special courts to collect taxes and prosecute smugglers
Quartering Act
- 1765
- required colonist to provided housing and supplies for British soldiers
Stamp Act
- 1765
- taxed printed materials, such as newspapers, books, and contracts