Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is mercantilism?
a country’s ultimate goal is self-sufficiency and that all countries were in competitions to acquire the most gold and silver
What did the theory of mercantilism spark?
the English wanted to establish colonies
What were the Navigational Acts?
- no trade unless English or colonial
- crews had to 3/4 English or/and colonial
- colonies could export certain goods only to England
- almost all goods had to go through England before the colonies
How was Navigational Act beneficial to the English?
created more jobs
Why did the colonist dislike the Navigational acts?
it cut out their profits
What did the colonist do about the Act?
started smuggling goods
How did England get the Puritans to obey?
revoked the Puritan charter and make MA a royal colony
When did James II come to power?
1665
What did James II do to the land from Main to New Jersey?
became one big colony called the Dominion of New England
Who did James II appoint the leader of Dominion of New England?
Sir Edmund Andros
What did Edmund Andros do to make the Puritans mad?
enforced Navigational acts, punished smugglers, and restricted assembles
When did the British decide that they could not have a Catholic dynasty?
1688
How did England strengthen/enforce the Navigational Act?
trying smugglers by judges and creating a board of Trade to monitor colonial trade
What is a cash crop?
a crop grown primarily for sale rather than for the farmer’s own good
Name the five major cash crops
cotton, rice, tobacco, indigo, and sugar
Describe the life in southern society
a prosperous and diverse people; poor small farmers formed the majority of the southern populations; planters: owners of large, profitable plantations, controlled mush of the economy; controlled the South’s political and social instruction
Describe plantations
built near rivers, could ship goods directly north and to England
What was Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina’s cash crop?
tobacco
What were South Carolina and Georgia’s cash crop?
cotton, indigo and rice
Colonials’ Military Organization
colonial militias served under own captains
British’s Military Discipline
drills and tough discipline
British Method of Fighting
march in formation or bayonet charge
British Military Organization
British officers wanted to take charge of colonist
Effects of the F & I War on Britain
- it increased her colonial empire in the Americas
- it greatly enlarged England’s debt
- Britain’s concept of colonist created bitter feelings
Effects of F & I War on the North American Colonist
- united them against a common enemy for the first time
- it created a socializing experience for all the colonial who participated
- it created bitter feeling toward the British that would only intensify
Colonist’s Method of Fighting
Indian-styled guerrilla tactics
Albany Congress
failed Iroquois broke off relations with Britain and threatened to trade with the French
Describe Indentrued Servants
- mainly white men that traded life of prison or poverty for limited servitude
- 5-7 yrs fo harsh labor
- no money or place to go
- they either moved west and started a farm; or asked former employer for work
What are the four points of the European Slave Trade?
- rum, other goods/merchandise from New England to Africa
- mercandise was traded for slaves in Africa
- Slaves were traded for sugar and molasses in West Indies
- Sugar and molasses was sent to New Englad to be distilled
Who was Ben Franklin?
a scientist that used the Enlightenment to explain things
Describe the Evolution of Slavery
indentrued servant population fell and colonist turned to African slaves as an attractive alternative
Describe the economics for the slaves
African slaves worked for life and thus brought a much larger return for the investment
Describe the social aspect of Slaves
colonist saw the African’s dark skin as a sign of inferiority since most colonist only saw Africans as slaves
Describe the plantations
built near rivers; could ship goods directly north and to England
Describe the Southern life style
a diverse and prosperous people; poor large, profitable plantaions, controlled much of the economy and politics; population was mainly small farmers
Describe the role of women
- 2nd class citizens
- barely any legal, civil, and economic rights
- could not vote, preach or own property
- were responisble for all domestic activities including: cooking, milking cows, slaughtering pigs, and tended the garden, sewing clothing, washed and cleaned clothes
Describe Northen farms
small, produce a variety of crops and had livestock
What was the Northan economy driven by?
trade
Define the Trianglular Trade
encompassed a network of trade routes criss-crossing the Northern and Sourthern colonies, W.Indies, England/Europe, and W. Africa. The network carried an array of goods indluding furs, fruits, tar, tobacco, slaves
what is a cash crop?
a crop grown primarily for sale rather than for the farmer’s use
3 Northern Industries
lumber, fishing, and ship building
3 Northern Rising Cities
Boston, New York, Philadelphia
Why would people move up north?
job opportunities
Which Northern city became a world leader and why?
Philadelphia b/c it was extremely modern (police, parks, street lights)
Name 7 groups within the North
German, Irish, Mennonites, Quakers, Dutch, Scandinavians and Jews
What are the results of the Great Awakening?
- people become more interested in church
- caused people to examine exactly what the church was saying (led to denominations)
- increased the importance of ed. (church started colleges)
Describe the Enlightenment
- scientist started to look beyond religion to answer worldly questions
- reason used
- spread fast in North b/c they could read
What did the colonist use the Enlightenment for?
to question the authority of the British
What kept women in the North inferior to men?
religion and law
Who was John Edwards?
clergyman who decided that the people of New England needed to be more active in the Puritan Church
Colonial Finances
resistance to rising taxes
Colonial demeanor
casual, non-professionals
Colonial military discipline
no military deference or protocols observed
What was William Pitt’s compromise?
colonial loyalty and military cooperation –> Britain would reimburse colonial assemblies for their cost
- Lord Loudoun would be removed
What were the results of William Pitt’s compromise?
colonial morale increased by 1758
What impact did the Treaty of Paris have on Paris?
lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims ot land east of the Mississippi River
What impact did the Treaty of Paris have on Spain?
got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England
What impact did the Treaty of Paris have on England?
got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India
Name the 4 acts in George Grenville’s Program and their dates
- Sugar Act - 1764
- Currency Act - 1764
- Quartering Act - 1765
- Stamp Act - 1765
3 effects of the war on the American Colonials
- it united them against a common enemy for the first time
- it created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated
- it created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify
What were the effects of the war on Britain?
- it increased her colonial empire in the Americas
- it greatly enlarged England’s debt
- Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings
- therefore, England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!
