Revolts

Question 0

War for Greek Independence (Russia and Turkey)

Answer 0

Sultan proclaimed ‘Holy War’ against Russia. Turks ignoring Powers wishes for peace. British reluctant to further measures against Turks and withdrew cooperation. France helped Russia evict Egyptians and Russia sent supplies to Greek rebels. 1828- RUSSIA DECLARED WAR. Sultan used for peace. Russia established protectorate over Moldavia and Wallachia. Nicholas knew collapse of turkey would bring further probs, do ceased. Turkey weakened to resist terms of settlement.

Question 1

Greek Revolt 1821 (the eastern question)

Answer 1

Greek Revolt against Sultan of Turkey. Liberal demands! Sultan appealed to Powers. Egyptian intervention. Public opinion. Metternich feared Alexander who sympathized with orthodox Christians would damage their anti revolutionary stance. Feared she would expand at Turkey’s expense and threaten Austria. Alexander was persuaded by Metternich to support principles of Troppau and not lend assistance. Alexander died, Nicholas. Favored rebels, and intervening increase her influence and threaten British influence. BRTIAIN COOPERATED WITH RUSSIA TO RESTRAIN HER! Sultan objected offers to mediate, canning died. Admiral codrington sank turk-Egyptian fleet= British embarrassment.

Question 2

Belgian Revolt 1830

Answer 2

Religious reasons, taxation and dominance of Dutch. Provisional gov. Set up which proclaimed independence from Holland. Dutch king appealed to powers, and revolt challenged peace settlement. All powers conflicted on aims to tackle it (gb supported independence, Prussian aid would pressure French assistance). Prussia accepted French proposal for non intervention 1830. Conference regarding Belgian independence= accepted the fact, but economic and frontier difficulties over Dutch and Belgian separation. Belgium accepted 1830, Dutch angry. Marched through Brussels, French and British threat forced withdrawal. 1839 = Dutch king accepted independence. CREDIT TO SKILL OF PALMERSTON! (Persuasion)

Question 3

Polish Revolt 1830-1

Answer 3

Warsaw garrison rose against Russian rule. Promoted by secret societies. Polish army outnumbered Russia=lack of mass support. But polish peasants suffered more beneath polish than Russian rule. 1831 Russia put down revolt. other powers did not come to Polish aid. (didn’t want to challenge Russia)

Question 4

Italian Revolt 1831-2

Answer 4

Parma and Modena risings. Rebels campaigned for central Italy. But risings ill coordinated and weak and were suppressed by Austria and dealt with papal state issues, provoked France, but France didn’t want war and result strengthened their alliance.

Question 5

Fear of Revolution

Answer 5

French rev. Inspired fear. FRANCE SNEEZED, EUROPE CAUGHT THE COLD!! Through congress and settlement, they met on common ground to preserve peace and a balance of power. RESTRAIN FRANCE! Although deep divisions (eastern question, alliances, personal ambitions) they managed to work diplomatically willingly. But angered people–only suppressed revolutions and restored monarchs, didn’t meet many of the mass demands for change.

Question 6

Causes of revolutions!

Answer 6

Population growth, bad harvests (food crisis 1845), urban problems–not enough work, influence of nationalism and divides with the masses, influence of liberalism–people wanted new constitutions but were divided socially