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ATPL Human Factors > Revision tests > Flashcards

Revision tests Flashcards

1
Q

Type of human errors which feature commonly in aircraft accidents are?

A

Errors in judgement or poor decision making

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2
Q

The most common cause of pilot incapacitation during flight is?

A

Food or drink poisoning

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3
Q

Dehydration is more likely to be experienced after several hours at?

A

At high altitude on a dry day

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4
Q

Symptoms of dehydration include…

A
  • Drying of the nasal passage

- Prickly sensation in eyes

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5
Q

The CASA has recommended a period on the ground after making a blood donation of…

A

-24 hours

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6
Q

CAR 256 requires total abstinence by all pilots from any alcohol for a period of…

A
  • 8 hours before departure
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7
Q

What should you do if you want to take any drugs?

A
  • Get the opinion of a DAME before using any drugs
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8
Q

Discomfort or pain in the ears or sinuses is most likely during

A
  • High rates of descent in unpressurized aircraft
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9
Q

If an otherwise pilot suffers from a bout of dizzy spells, the appropriate action required under CASR 67.205 would be:

A
  • Notify a DAME and refrain from all flying until cleared
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10
Q

Pilots can best assist airsick passengers by

A
  • Flying as smoothly as possible and making all manouvres and descents gentle
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11
Q

What is a condition which is caused by excessive uric acid in the blood and can be aggravated by poor diet?

A
  • Gout
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12
Q

Which of the following would NOT be likely to result from flying with a severe cold?

  • Dizziness caused by pressure build-up in the middle ear
  • Discomfort or pain in the ears during a rapid descent
  • Blurring of vision
  • Rupturing of the eardrum
A
  • Blurring of vision
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13
Q

It is generally accepted that human error can be totally eliminated from aviation with proper training and standard operating procedures

A
  • This statement is false
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14
Q

Too much salt in the diet can lead to

A
  • High blood pressure
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15
Q

Foods most likely to produce intestinal gases are

A
  • Green vegetables
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16
Q

Obesity has been linked with which of the following health problems

A
  • High blood pressure, gout, diabetes and heart disease
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17
Q

Too little iron in the diet can lead to which of the following health problems?

A
  • Anemia
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18
Q

High blood pressure is a common cause of disqualification on medical grounds. Which of the following is hypertension most directly linked?

A
  • Heart disease
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19
Q

On a hot dry day, it is possible for the body to lose about 5 liters of water

A
  • Yes
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20
Q

One of the common characteristics of aging is a deterioration of hearing. This is usually noticed first i…

A
  • High frequencies
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21
Q

The purpose of the Eustachian tube in the human respiratory system is to connect the…

A
  • Middle ear to the throat
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22
Q

The primary cause of pilot incapacitation in flight is…

A
  • Gastrointestinal disorders
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23
Q

A person flying with a head cold would not usually be affected…

A

Hypertropia

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24
Q

The recommended period of time between blood donations and commencement of flying duties is…

A

24 hours

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25
Q

If suffering from heat stress, a pilot should…

A

Drink more fluid than dictated by thirst alone

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26
Q

Pilots who are inclined to suffer from air sickness…

A

Should use caution when using travel sickness preparations

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27
Q

The valsalve manouvre-

A

Is more likely to be needed on descent than a climb

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28
Q

An excessively cold environment does not pose the danger of-

A

Feeling of elation

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29
Q

An obese pilot with hypertension would be unlikely to suffer from-

A

Difficulty breathing due to lung cancer

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30
Q

The painful condition known as barotrauma is most likely to occur-

A

With an increase in differential pressure inside and outside the body on descent

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31
Q

The ideal relative humidity for passenger comfort in a jet transport aircraft is considered to be-

A

4-60%

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32
Q

On long-haul flights at high altitudes, the relative humidity in the cabin may fall below comfortable levels. The relative humidity considered optimal for human comfort is-

A

40-60%

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33
Q

During a descent with blocked eustachian tubes, the gas volume in the middle ear

A

Decreases

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34
Q

Sinus pain experienced by a pilot in an unpressurized cabin is most likely with-

A

A head cold during descent

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35
Q

Select the lowest operating environment temperature at which the symptoms of heat stress are likely to occur-

A

32 degrees

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36
Q

If you pinch yourself just above the hip, a good level of fitness is indicated if the fold of flesh in your grasp has a thickness of about-

A

12mm

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37
Q

The best way to guard against dehydration is to

A

Drink regularly throughout the day

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38
Q

The period of validity of a medical certificate unless otherwise cancelled or suspended is….

A
  • 4 years for students and private pilot licences under 40 years old
  • 1 year for commercial licences
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39
Q

The most important process by which alcohol is removed from the body after the consumption of an alcoholic drink is-

A
  • Through chemical breakdown in the liver (metabolism)
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40
Q

For the average male, the rate at which alcohol can be metabolized is equivalent to one…..

A

-Standard drink per hour

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41
Q

Hyperventilation is likely to result in….

A

-A change in the acidity of the blood caused by a drop in carbon dioxide

42
Q

Abdominal pain caused by the expansion of gases within the body is most likely to be associated with….

A

-A rapid climb in a high-performance unpressurized aircraft

43
Q

At an altitude of 18,000ft the ambient atmospheric pressure is approx…

A

-One-tenth of its sea-level pressure

44
Q

At a depth of about 30ft, the underwater pressure is closest to…

A
  • Two times normal sea-level atmospheric pressure
45
Q

Antihistamines are commonly found in cold and flu medications. The side effects of antihistamines include….

A

-Drowsiness

46
Q

Decompression sickness or the bends is caused by

A
  • The release of dissolved nitrogen from the blood during a rapid ascent from deep water
47
Q

A scuba diver has just completed a dive which did require decompression stops but eas of less than 4 hours duration. The minimum recommended period which should be allowed before flying is

A

12 hours

48
Q

Which of the following would be an appropriate way to combat the effects of hyperventilation?

A

Make a conscious effort to slow down the breathing rate

49
Q

Which of the following is most likely to reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood?

A
  • Cigarette smoking
50
Q

After heavy drinking, even though the blood alcohol level has returned to zero, some deterioration in physical and mental performance is likely to persist for up to…

A
  • 24 hours
51
Q

Hyperventilation is caused by…

A

-Breathing too fast and or too deep for the body’s requirements

52
Q

To which drug family does alcohol belong to….

A
  • Depressants
53
Q

For how many hours after ingestion can alcohol still be detected in the brain cells?

A
  • 24 hours
54
Q

Alcohol can still be detected in the blood for…

A
  • 14 hours after ingestion
55
Q

Which of the following would be an appropriate remedy for a person who is suffering the effects of hyperventilation?

A
  • Breathe into a paper bag
56
Q

If it becomes necessary to take sleeping tablets, how much time should you allow before flying?

A
  • 24 hours
57
Q

If a pilot has completed a scuba dive which required decompression stops during ascent and was more than 4 hours duration, what applies to waiting time?

A

-At rest at sea level of at least 48 hours is requierd before flying

58
Q

The minimum time specified in the CAR’s between alcohol consumption and taking off is…

A
  • 8 hours, which may not be sufficecint in some cases
59
Q

The symptoms of hyperventilation include:

A
  • Tingling and numbness in the hands and feet
60
Q

A pilot has just completed a scuba dive of 5 hours duration to a depth of 40ft during which compression stops were required on the way back to the surface. The recommended rest at sea level before a flight at a cabin altitude of 6,000ft is-

A
  • 48 Hours
61
Q

While flying, a pilot suffering from an upper respiratory tract infection is liable to…

A
  • Suffer from pressure vertigo
62
Q

If you become aware of any change in medical condition that indicates that you no longer meet the relevant medical standard….

A

You may not carry out any function authorised by your licence until you have advised CASA or a DAME

63
Q

The maximum period which a flight crew licence holder can suffer an impairment of efficiency relating to an act authorised by the licence, without DAME certification that the impairment no longer exists is….

A
  • 7 days for commercial pilots
64
Q

After a 3 hour session of diving, with decompression stops, the maximum time recommended before flying again is-

A
  • 12 hours
65
Q

During a climb, expanding gas is most likely to cause severe pain and discomfort when it is trapped in the

A
  • Small bowel
66
Q

Information about analgesics-

A
  • They may be used by pilots but only for short term pain relief
67
Q

The upper limit of alcohol intake of standard drinks over a period of one week is-

A
  • 28 for men and 21 for women
68
Q

it is always advisable to check with a DAME before taking

A
  • Any over the counter or prescribed medication
69
Q

One of the functions of the outer ear is to….

A
  • Protect the eardrum from intrusions of insects, dust etc.
70
Q

What is the function of the middle ear…

A
  • To amplify the vibrations arriving at the eardrum and transfer them to the cochlea
71
Q

What is a function of the inner ear?

A
  • To convert the mechanical energy of vibrations to nerve impulses and assist in maintaining the sense of balance
72
Q

What serves to detect the loudness and pitch of the sound by converting the mechanical energy of vibration to electrical impulses?

A
  • The cochlea
73
Q

What mediates the sense of balance?

A
  • The semicircular canal
74
Q

As a rough guide, hearing protection should be worn if the ambient noise levels are such that it is necessary to shout to conduct a conversation over a distance of….

A
  • Half a metre
75
Q

Deterioration of hearing caused by exposure to loud noise usually occurs first….

A
  • In the high-frequency range, above normal speech
76
Q

A decibel is a unit used to measure…

A
  • The intensity or loudness of sound
77
Q

Hertz are used to measure…

A
  • The frequency or pitch of sound
78
Q

Continuous exposure to high noise level in the cockpit should be avoided because….

A
  • The effect is cumulative and can eventually lead to deafness
  • Stress levels are increased and concentration levels are decreased
  • General performance and efficiency is reduced
79
Q

What is the minimum intensity of noise that would result in the sensation of pain in ears?

A
  • 140db
80
Q

What is the minimum noise level that would mark the onset of temporary or permanent deafness after prolonged exposure?

A
  • 85db
81
Q

What is the function of the eustachian tube in the human respiratory system?

A
  • It connects the middle ear to the throat cavity
82
Q

Hearing loss due to long-term exposure to high noise levels are usually first noticed in the loss of sensitivity to…..

A
  • High-frequency sounds
83
Q

Above which noise level is it recommended that hearing protection be worn?

A
  • 85db
84
Q

Which part of the ear is most affected by pressure differences when the eustachian tube is blocked?

A
  • The middle ear
85
Q

If a head cold causes a blockage in the eustachian tube, where is the blockage most likely to occur?

A
  • At the bottom where the tube enters the nasal passage
86
Q

Which component of the inner ear senses changes in speed with constant direction?

A

-The otolith organ

87
Q

When established in a balanced level turn at a constant bank angle, the hair-like cells of the semicircular canals will be….

A
  • In the rest position with no deflection
88
Q

The term frequency, when applied to sound, is most closely related to…

A
  • The number of pressure waves arriving at the ear in each second
89
Q

The minimum noise level which could cause a person to suffer temporary or permanent hearing loss after exposure to sustained level is…

A
  • 85db
90
Q

The organ which provides a person with a sense of balance is the….

A
  • Semicircular canals
91
Q

During constant angular acceleration, the hair-like sensors in the semicircular canals are…

A
  • Upright (zero deflection)
92
Q

Hyperventilation is caused by…

A
  • Breathing too rapidly for the amount of activity
93
Q

The part of the ear which converts sounds into nerve impulses is the…

A
  • Cochlea
94
Q

The anatomy of the ear which acts as a linear accelerometer is the…

A
  • Otolith
95
Q

Temporary or permanent hearing loss can be caused by sustained noise exposure at levels….

A
  • Typically found in the cockpit of a light aircraft
96
Q

Exposure to sustained high noise levels…

A
  • May cause permanent hearing loss
97
Q

A guide as to when hearing protection should be worn is…

A
  • If you must yell to be heard 0.5 meters away
98
Q

Hearing loss due to long-term exposure to high noise levels usually initially affects…

A
  • Detection of high-frequency sounds
99
Q

It is strongly advised that hearing protections such as a good quality headset should be worn…

A
  • At all times during the flight
100
Q

The function of the hammer, anvil and stirrup is to transfer vibrations from…

A
  • The eardrum to the inner ear

ATPL Human Factors (13 decks)

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