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ATPL Human Factors > Pilot Medical Drugs & Scuba Diving > Flashcards

Pilot Medical Drugs & Scuba Diving Flashcards

1
Q

What conditions would disqualify an applicant from holding a medical certificate?

A
  • A physical disability that could impair pilots performance during flight such as poor vision which cannot be correct by glasses or very poor hearing
  • A condition which could lead to sudden incapacitation such as stroke, heart attack, or a fit
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2
Q

What is a DAME?

A

Designated Aviation Medical Examiners

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3
Q

What is the validity of a student/ private medical certificate?

A
  • 4 years if under 40 years old

- 2 years if over 40 years old

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4
Q

What is the validity of a commercial medical certificate?

A
  • 1 year
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5
Q

What does heavy drinking damage?

A
  • Liver
  • Heart
  • Brain
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6
Q

What slows the absorption of alcohol into the blood?

A

Fatty foods in the stomach

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7
Q

is alcohol a depressant?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What are the initial effects of alcohol?

A
  • Sense of euphoria
  • False impression that performance is above average when in fact it is slowed and judgement is impaired
  • Slurred speech
  • Unsteadiness on feet
  • Loss of inhibitions noticed by others but not the person intoxicated
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9
Q

Does anything change the rate that alcohol is removed from the body?

A

No

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10
Q

How much alcohol is disposed of through expiration (breath), perspiration, and via the kidneys through urine?

A

10%

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11
Q

What is the rate of metabolism of alcohol?

A

Man
- One standard drink per hour

Woman
- Less than the above

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12
Q

How long can alcohol still be present in the brain cells after drinking?

A
  • 24 hours after heavy drinking
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13
Q

What are hangover symptoms?

A
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Gastritis
  • Thirst
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14
Q

What are some long-term effects of alcohol consumption and lifestyle associated?

A
  • Cancer of the mouth, oesophagus, and stomach

- Damage to heart and liver

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15
Q

What does CAR 256 stipulate?

A

Pilots must demonstrate total abstinence from any alcohol 8 hours before departure

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16
Q

What is the maximum recommended alcohol intake over a period of one week?

A

21- 28 standard drinks for a male

14-21 standard drinks for a female

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17
Q

Can you take illicit drugs?

A

No

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18
Q

Comments on drugs….

Analgesics

A
  • Pain relievers
  • Used for short term pain such as headaches and muscular pain
  • Aspirin
  • Codeine
  • Paracetamol
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19
Q

Information about Aspirin…

A
  • Can cause stomach upset

- If taken in excess can cause internal bleeding and kidney problems

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20
Q

Information about Codeine…

A
  • Can be addictive

- Can cause constipation

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21
Q

Information about Paracetamol…

A
  • Taken in excess can cause damage to the liver and kidneys
22
Q

What medications can show up on opiates CASA test and should be declared?

A
  • Panadeine
  • Codis
  • Codral cold and flu
  • Nurofen plus
23
Q

Comments on drug…

Antihistamines

A
  • Used to help clear up congestion associated with colds, flu, and sinus problems
  • Main side effect is drowsiness and degraded performance
  • Not to be used whilst flying
24
Q

Comment on drug…..

Ephedrine

A
  • Found in nasal sprays
  • Can be incompatible with other medications especially blood pressure medications
  • Excessive use of nasal sprays can lead to damage and irritation of nasal tissue
  • Some preparations used in ear, nose and throat surgery can contain cocaine
25
Q

Comment on drug…

Stimulants, Amphetamines and caffeine

A
  • Amphetamines are illegal; they are used as pep pills. Side effects include short temperedness, disorientation, fits of anxiety, overconfidence, and headaches
  • Dexamphetamine is a legal medication for ADHD and any medication containing this will test positive in CASA DAMP test
26
Q

Comment on Drugs…

Antibiotics

A
  • Should have no determinantal effect on pilots ability to carry out operation safely
  • However, some individuals may have an allergic reaction
  • Side effects may include diarrhea
  • If you have never taken type of antibiotic before allow 24 hours before flying to ensure you have no adverse reaction
27
Q

Comment on drug…

Tranquilizers

A
  • Used to treat anxiety or tension
  • Never use without medical consultation
  • Effectiveness diminishes with continued use
  • Habit-forming
  • Side effects include drowsiness, dizziness and increased susceptibility to alcohol
28
Q

Comment on drug…

Sedatives

A
  • Treats sleep disorders
  • Never use without medical consultation
  • Side effects include drowsiness, blurred vision, headaches and skin irritations
  • Can be long-acting and produce a hangover effect
  • Habit-forming
29
Q

Comment on drug….

Blood pressure medication

A
  • High or low blood pressure can be a reason for disqualification of medical
  • Must consult DAME
30
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

State of over-breathing usually brought about by fear, excitement or anxiety

31
Q

What can you feel when hyperventilating?

A
  • Panicky feeling

- Feeling of suffocation that leads to deep rapid breathing

32
Q

What is happening when you are hyperventilating?

A

Exhaling too much carbon dioxide and there is a reduction in the acidity of the blood

33
Q

What does loss of carbon dioxide cause?

A
  • Lightheadedness
  • Dizziness
  • Sweating
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Tingling or numbness of hands and feet
  • Sometimes fainting
34
Q

How to treat hyperventilation?

A

Slow down the breathing rate

35
Q

By 18,000ft how much has atmospheric pressure dropped?

A

By one half of its sea-level pressure

36
Q

A diver at 30ft below the surface is subject to how much pressure compared to mean sea level?

A

Twice the amount of pressure

37
Q

Where does nitrogen ten to accumulate in the body?

A

Within the blood and soft tissue

38
Q

What happens with nitrogen when a diver ascends too quickly to the surface?

A
  • Nitrogen comes out of solution like bubbles of a soft drink
  • Common effects include stiffness in joints and rheumatic like pains in muscles
  • If the bubbles form in the spinal chord or brain, tingling sensations or paralysis may occur
39
Q

What can happen if the ascending diver panics and holds breath while ascending?

A
  • Expanding air can rupture the delicate lung tissue forcing air into the bloodstream
  • Rising quickly to the brain the air-contaminated blood can cause unconsciousness and death
  • This is called decompression sickness or the bends
40
Q

How can you get relief from symptoms of decompression sickness?

A
  • Recompression

- Either by going to deep water or in recompression (hyperbaric) chamber

41
Q

If a diver goes flying immediately after diving at what height can decompression sickness occur?

A

As low as 8,000ft

42
Q

Rest at sea level required after dive?

- A dive which does not require decompression stops during ascent

A

4 hours

43
Q

Rest at sea level required after dive?

- A dive which does require decompression stops during ascent but is less than 4 hours

A

12 hours

44
Q

Rest at sea level required after dive?

- A dive which does require decompression stops during ascent and is longer than 4 hours

A

48 hours

45
Q

How long can alcohol remain in the blood for?

A

14 hours

46
Q

How long can alcohol remain in the brain cells for?

A

24 hours

47
Q

Alcohol belongs to the family of drugs called….

A

Depressants

48
Q

Alcohol changes the specific gravity of fluid in the inner ear which causes dizziness and also loss of hearing sensitivity in the…..

A

Lower frequency ranges

49
Q

The most dangerous side effect of antihistamines is?

A

Drowsiness

50
Q

If you have to take sleeping tablets what period before flying should you stop taking them?

A

24 hours

51
Q

How to alleviate symptoms of hyperventilation?

A

Breathe from a paper bag

- Will be rebreathing exhaled breath that is higher in carbon dioxide

52
Q

What drugs can you take without seeing a DAME?

A

None

ATPL Human Factors (13 decks)

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