Revision summaries Flashcards
What facilitates attachment in caregiver-infant interactions?
Caregiver interactions
Caregiver interactions are crucial for the development of attachment between a caregiver and an infant.
What is interactional synchrony?
Same actions simultaneously.
Interactional synchrony refers to the coordinated timing of actions between a caregiver and an infant.
At what age does interactional synchrony begin to be observed?
From two weeks.
Meltzoff and Moore’s research indicates that interactional synchrony starts at around two weeks of age.
What does the quality of attachment relate to?
Synchrony.
Studies such as Isabella et al. suggest that the quality of attachment is linked to the level of interactional synchrony.
What is a counterpoint to the importance of observing behavior in development?
Observation does not reveal importance in development.
While observing behavior can provide insights, it may not fully capture its significance for development.
What percentage of babies attach to their fathers by 18 months according to Schaffer and Emerson?
75%.
This study indicates a high rate of attachment formation with fathers, although they are less likely to be the primary attachment figure.
What distinctive role do fathers have in attachment?
Involving play and stimulation.
Research by Grossmann et al. suggests that fathers may provide unique contributions to attachment through playful interactions.
True or False: Most studies agree on a distinctive role for fathers in attachment.
False.
There is conflicting evidence regarding the distinctiveness of the father’s role in attachment, leading to confusion over research questions.
What theory explains attachment as a secondary drive?
Cupboard love theory.
Dollard and Miller’s cupboard love theory posits that attachment is formed through associations with primary drives such as hunger.
What evidence counters the cupboard love theory?
Lorenz and Harlow’s studies.
These studies demonstrated that feeding is not the primary factor in forming attachments.
What is the asocial stage in Schaffer’s stages of attachment?
First few weeks, same response to humans and objects.
This stage indicates that infants do not yet show a preference for specific individuals.
What is the significance of the specific attachments stage?
Stranger and separation anxiety in regard to one particular adult.
This stage marks the development of a primary attachment figure, typically the mother.
What did Schaffer and Emerson’s research involve?
Mothers reporting on separation and stranger anxiety.
This research tracked the attachment behaviors of infants over time.
What is a limitation of the data gathered in Schaffer and Emerson’s study?
Gathered only from working-class Glasgow in the 1960s.
This raises questions about the generalizability of the findings to other populations and cultures.
What did Lorenz’s research on imprinting demonstrate?
Chicks attach to the first moving object they see.
This process is known as imprinting and has implications for understanding attachment.
What did Harlow’s research reveal about monkey attachment?
Monkeys preferred the cloth surrogate over the wire one.
This indicates that comfort and security are more significant than feeding in forming attachments.
What is the critical period for normal attachment development?
After 90 days attachments wouldn’t form.
This emphasizes the importance of early experiences in forming attachments.
What ethical issues arose from Harlow’s research?
Severe long-term distress to participants.
The ethical implications of causing distress to animal subjects are significant in evaluating research methods.
What is Bowlby’s theory of attachment?
The dominant theory of attachment behaviour.
What does monotropy refer to in Bowlby’s theory?
One particular attachment.
What is the critical period for attachment according to Bowlby?
Up to 6 months, possibly extending to 2 years.
What are social releasers?
Innate cute behaviours that elicit care.
How is the quality of attachment passed on through generations?
Through the internal working model.
What is the internal working model?
Mental representation of the primary attachment relationship that serves as a template for future relationships.
