Revision Session Flashcards
1
Q
sternoclavicular joint - type of joint?
A
saddle synovial
2
Q
acromioclavicular joint - type of joint?
A
plane synovial
3
Q
glenohumeral - type of joint?
A
ball and socket
4
Q
name 3 muscles which occupy the bony scapula?
A
subscapularis (posterior), supraspinatus, infraspinatus
5
Q
between which 2 muscles does the brachial plexus emerge?
A
anterior and medial scalene muscles
6
Q
what is the subclavian artery called after it has passed the first rib?
A
axillary artery
7
Q
roots of brachial plexus?
A
C5-T1
8
Q
what muscle is it if it is above the spine of the scapula?
A
levator scapulae
9
Q
action of rhomboids?
A
retraction of scapula
10
Q
action - latissimus dorsi?
A
adduction of shoulder
11
Q
innervation of trapezius?
A
Motor = accessory nerve - also receives proprioceptor fibres from C3 and C4 spinal nerves
12
Q
upper fibres trapezius - action?
A
elevate scapula
13
Q
middle fibres trapezius - action?
A
retract scapula
14
Q
lower fibres trapezius - action?
A
depress scapula
15
Q
deltoid - middle fibres action?
A
abducts arm
16
Q
deltoid - anterior fibres action?
A
flexion, medial rotation of arm
17
Q
deltoid - posterior fibres action?
A
extension, lateral rotation
18
Q
name 4 rotator cuff muscles?
A
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor
19
Q
supraspinatus - action?
A
abduction of arm
20
Q
infraspinatus and teres minor - action?
A
lateral rotation of arm
21
Q
subscapularis - action?
A
medial rotation of arm
22
Q
teres major - action?
A
adductor of shoulder, medial rotation of arm
23
Q
latissimus dorsi - action?
A
extension of shoulder
24
Q
teres minor and deltoid - innervation?
A
axillary nerve
25
which structure runs between the deltoid and the pectoralis major?
cephalic vein
26
which vein connects the cephalic and the basilic just above the elbow?
median cubital vein
27
where does the cephalic vein drain into?
subclavian vein
28
action of pectoralis major?
adduction and medial rotation of arm
29
innervation - pectoralis major?
lateral and medial pectoral nerves
30
action - serratus anterior?
protractor of scapula
31
serratus anterior - innervation?
long thoracic nerve
32
pectoralis minor - action?
protraction of scapula
33
action of biceps muscle on the shoulder and elbow?
flexion (both)
34
biceps - action on radioulnar joint?
supinator
35
brachialis - action?
flexor of elbow
36
innervation of brachialis, coracobrachialis etc. i.e. muscles of the lateral arm?
musculocutaneous nerve
37
what is musculocutaneous nerve a branch of?
brachial plexus
38
triceps - action?
main extensor of elbow joint
39
name of aponeurosis of the wrist?
palmar aponeurosis
40
flexor carpi ulnaris + radialis - action?
flexes wrist
41
action - pronator quadratus/ teres?
pronates arm
42
2 supinators of arm?
supinator and biceps
43
brachialis - innervation?
radial nerve
44
function of extensor/ flexor retinaculum?
hold tendons in place
45
which nerve runs below suppinator muscle?
the radial n
46
innervation of flexor digitorum?
radial nerve
47
flexor digitorum - action?
flexion of 2nd - 5th digit
48
which muscle runs beneath the brachioradialis?
extensor carpi radialis longus/ brevis
49
flexor carpi ulnaris - action?
flexion and adduction
50
flexor carpi radialis - action?
flexion and abduction
51
how is the superficial palmar arch joined in the hand?
ulnar and radial arteries joining
52
what does ulnar nerve innervate in hand?
1.5 fingers (pinky and ring)
53
what does median nerve innervate in hand?
3.5 (thumb, index, middle and ring)
54
bloody supply of digits?
digital arteries
55
muscle of the tumb?
abductor pollicis brevis
56
muscle of the pinky?
abductor digiti minimi
57
abductor pollicis brevis - action?
abduction of thumb
58
abductor digiti minimi - action?
abduction of little finger
59
lumbricals of hand - action?
flex metacarpal-phalangeal joints
60
innervation - hand interossei?
ulnar nerve
61
palmar interossei hand - action?
adductor
62
dorsal interossei hand - action?
abductor
63
histology - colour, cells present and example of hyaline cartilage?
purple, chondrocytes, tracheal cartilage
64
histology - colour, cells present and example of elastic cartilage?
light purple pink, elastic fibres, external ear pinna
65
histology - colour, cells present and example of fibro cartilage?
bright pink, collagen fibres, chondroblasts, IV disc
66
carpometacarpal joint - type of joint?
plane synovial
67
metacarpophalangeal joint type?
condyloid synovial
68
iliofemoral ligament - function?
prevents hyperextension of hip
69
pubofemoral ligament - function?
prevents hyperabduction
70
ischiofemoral ligament - function?
prevents hyperabduction
71
hip - type of joint, and why is it more stable?
ball and socket - deeper than shoulder so is more stable
72
action of iliopsoas?
main flexor of hip
73
iliopsoas muscle - where inserted?
lesser trochanter of femur
74
main extensor of hip?
gluteus maximus
75
fascia which sits above the gluteus maximus?
thoraco-lumbar fascia
76
iliotibial tract - function?
stabilise hip and knee joints
77
attachment of iliotibial tract?
fascia lata
78
sartorius - action?
flex hip and knee
79
where does femoral nerve run between?
iliacus and psoas major
80
rectus femoris - action?
flexion of hip
81
quadratus femoris - action?
extends knee
82
sartorius - innervation?
femoral nerve
83
adductor brevis, longus, magnus - innervation and action?
adduction of hip and obturator nerve
84
action of short muscles under the gluteus maximus?
lateral rotation of hip
85
gluteus minimus, medius and tensor fascia lata - action and innervation?
medial rotation of hip - superior gluteal nerve
86
gluteus maximus - innervation?
inferior gluteal nerve
87
hamstrings - action on hip and knee?
hip - extension, knee - flexion
88
innervation of posterior thigh compartment?
tibial branch of sciatic nerve
89
3 muscles of hamstrings?
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
90
extensor retinaculum of feet - function?
holds tendon of extensor compartment
91
anterior compartment of leg - action?
dorsiflexion
92
posterior compartment of leg - action?
plantarflexion
93
tibialis anterior - action?
inversion of subtalar joint
94
innervation of anterior leg?
deep fibular nerve
95
lateral compartment of leg - innervation?
superficial fibular nerve
96
2 muscles of the lateral compartment of leg?
fibularis longus and brevis
97
gastronemius - action?
flexion of knee and plantarflexes ankle
98
define triceps surae?
gastronemius and soleus muscle
99
plantaris - action?
plantarflexion of ankle
100
popliteus - action?
knee flexion
101
function of knee menisci?
shock absorption
102
which meniscus is bigger?
medial
103
which ligament is attached to the medial meniscus?
medial collateral ligament
104
what does anterior cruciate ligament prevent?
hyperextension
105
what does posterior cruciate ligament prevent?
hyperflexion
106
superior tibiofibular joint?
plane synovial
107
inferior tibiofibular joint?
fibrous joint
108
aponeurosis of foot?
plantar aponeurosis
109
lumbricals of foot - action?
flex 2nd - 5th toes
110
2 options of nerves for innervation of foot?
lateral/ medial plantar nerve (usually lateral!)
111
name all 7 talar bones?
navicular, lateral/intermediate/medial cuneiform, talus, cuboid, talus
112
interphalangeal joint of foot - type of joint?
hinge synovial
113
metatarsophalangeal joint - type of joint?
condylar synovial
114
compact bone - structure?
haversian canal, osteocytes
115
cancellous bone - what is contained within bone marrow?
haemopoetic tissue
116
describe parts of fallopian tube from ovary to uterus?
fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
117
epididymis - function?
storage of sperm
118
cremaster muscle - innervation?
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
119
histology - seminiferous tubules (blue picture) - type of cells present and their function?
interstitial cells of leydig - secretes testosterone
120
histology - prostate - what is present in stroma?
smooth muscle, collagen fibres
121
histology - how to differentiate between proliferative phase and secretory phase (uterus)?
proliferative - more tubular glands
122
name 3 different types of vertebrae?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar
123
what structure passes through vertebral foramen?
spinal cord
124
what sets apart thoracic vertebrae?
always has facet for ribs
125
what sets apart lumbar vertebrae?
massive body compared to thoracic and cervical - also no foramen in transverse processes
126
where do sacral spinal nerves pass through?
sacral foramen
127
function of IV discs of spine?
shock absorption
128
name the 2 components of the IV disc - which is in the middle?
in the middle = nucelus pulposus, annulus fibrosus
129
IV disc - type of joint?
2y cartilaginous
130
facet joints - type of joint?
synovial plane
131
joints with ribs - type of joint?
synovial plane
132
skull and atlas - type of joint?
synovial ellipsoid
133
atlas and axis - type of joint?
pivot synovial
134
name 2 ligaments of the vertebral column?
ligamentum flavum, anterior longitudinal ligament
135
what are the muscles of the back which come from different parts of the body called?
extrinsic back muscles
136
name an intrinsic muscle of the back?
erector spinae
137
action of erector spinae on the spine?
extension (bilateral) and lateral flexion (unilateral)
138
main 2 branches of sacral plexus?
pudendal and sciatic
139
lymph drainage - body and cervix of uterus?
sacral and internal iliac nodes
140
lymph drainage - fundus of uterus, ovaries, testes?
pre-aortic
141
lymph drainage - vagina, penis, scrotum?
superficial inguinal
