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anatomy year 3 exam > Revision Session > Flashcards

Revision Session Flashcards

1
Q

sternoclavicular joint - type of joint?

A

saddle synovial

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2
Q

acromioclavicular joint - type of joint?

A

plane synovial

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3
Q

glenohumeral - type of joint?

A

ball and socket

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4
Q

name 3 muscles which occupy the bony scapula?

A

subscapularis (posterior), supraspinatus, infraspinatus

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5
Q

between which 2 muscles does the brachial plexus emerge?

A

anterior and medial scalene muscles

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6
Q

what is the subclavian artery called after it has passed the first rib?

A

axillary artery

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7
Q

roots of brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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8
Q

what muscle is it if it is above the spine of the scapula?

A

levator scapulae

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9
Q

action of rhomboids?

A

retraction of scapula

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10
Q

action - latissimus dorsi?

A

adduction of shoulder

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11
Q

innervation of trapezius?

A

Motor = accessory nerve - also receives proprioceptor fibres from C3 and C4 spinal nerves

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12
Q

upper fibres trapezius - action?

A

elevate scapula

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13
Q

middle fibres trapezius - action?

A

retract scapula

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14
Q

lower fibres trapezius - action?

A

depress scapula

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15
Q

deltoid - middle fibres action?

A

abducts arm

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16
Q

deltoid - anterior fibres action?

A

flexion, medial rotation of arm

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17
Q

deltoid - posterior fibres action?

A

extension, lateral rotation

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18
Q

name 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

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19
Q

supraspinatus - action?

A

abduction of arm

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20
Q

infraspinatus and teres minor - action?

A

lateral rotation of arm

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21
Q

subscapularis - action?

A

medial rotation of arm

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22
Q

teres major - action?

A

adductor of shoulder, medial rotation of arm

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23
Q

latissimus dorsi - action?

A

extension of shoulder

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24
Q

teres minor and deltoid - innervation?

A

axillary nerve

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25
Q

which structure runs between the deltoid and the pectoralis major?

A

cephalic vein

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26
Q

which vein connects the cephalic and the basilic just above the elbow?

A

median cubital vein

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27
Q

where does the cephalic vein drain into?

A

subclavian vein

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28
Q

action of pectoralis major?

A

adduction and medial rotation of arm

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29
Q

innervation - pectoralis major?

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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30
Q

action - serratus anterior?

A

protractor of scapula

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31
Q

serratus anterior - innervation?

A

long thoracic nerve

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32
Q

pectoralis minor - action?

A

protraction of scapula

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33
Q

action of biceps muscle on the shoulder and elbow?

A

flexion (both)

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34
Q

biceps - action on radioulnar joint?

A

supinator

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35
Q

brachialis - action?

A

flexor of elbow

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36
Q

innervation of brachialis, coracobrachialis etc. i.e. muscles of the lateral arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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37
Q

what is musculocutaneous nerve a branch of?

A

brachial plexus

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38
Q

triceps - action?

A

main extensor of elbow joint

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39
Q

name of aponeurosis of the wrist?

A

palmar aponeurosis

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40
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris + radialis - action?

A

flexes wrist

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41
Q

action - pronator quadratus/ teres?

A

pronates arm

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42
Q

2 supinators of arm?

A

supinator and biceps

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43
Q

brachialis - innervation?

A

radial nerve

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44
Q

function of extensor/ flexor retinaculum?

A

hold tendons in place

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45
Q

which nerve runs below suppinator muscle?

A

the radial n

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46
Q

innervation of flexor digitorum?

A

radial nerve

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47
Q

flexor digitorum - action?

A

flexion of 2nd - 5th digit

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48
Q

which muscle runs beneath the brachioradialis?

A

extensor carpi radialis longus/ brevis

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49
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris - action?

A

flexion and adduction

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50
Q

flexor carpi radialis - action?

A

flexion and abduction

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51
Q

how is the superficial palmar arch joined in the hand?

A

ulnar and radial arteries joining

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52
Q

what does ulnar nerve innervate in hand?

A

1.5 fingers (pinky and ring)

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53
Q

what does median nerve innervate in hand?

A

3.5 (thumb, index, middle and ring)

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54
Q

bloody supply of digits?

A

digital arteries

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55
Q

muscle of the tumb?

A

abductor pollicis brevis

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56
Q

muscle of the pinky?

A

abductor digiti minimi

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57
Q

abductor pollicis brevis - action?

A

abduction of thumb

58
Q

abductor digiti minimi - action?

A

abduction of little finger

59
Q

lumbricals of hand - action?

A

flex metacarpal-phalangeal joints

60
Q

innervation - hand interossei?

A

ulnar nerve

61
Q

palmar interossei hand - action?

62
Q

dorsal interossei hand - action?

63
Q

histology - colour, cells present and example of hyaline cartilage?

A

purple, chondrocytes, tracheal cartilage

64
Q

histology - colour, cells present and example of elastic cartilage?

A

light purple pink, elastic fibres, external ear pinna

65
Q

histology - colour, cells present and example of fibro cartilage?

A

bright pink, collagen fibres, chondroblasts, IV disc

66
Q

carpometacarpal joint - type of joint?

A

plane synovial

67
Q

metacarpophalangeal joint type?

A

condyloid synovial

68
Q

iliofemoral ligament - function?

A

prevents hyperextension of hip

69
Q

pubofemoral ligament - function?

A

prevents hyperabduction

70
Q

ischiofemoral ligament - function?

A

prevents hyperabduction

71
Q

hip - type of joint, and why is it more stable?

A

ball and socket - deeper than shoulder so is more stable

72
Q

action of iliopsoas?

A

main flexor of hip

73
Q

iliopsoas muscle - where inserted?

A

lesser trochanter of femur

74
Q

main extensor of hip?

A

gluteus maximus

75
Q

fascia which sits above the gluteus maximus?

A

thoraco-lumbar fascia

76
Q

iliotibial tract - function?

A

stabilise hip and knee joints

77
Q

attachment of iliotibial tract?

A

fascia lata

78
Q

sartorius - action?

A

flex hip and knee

79
Q

where does femoral nerve run between?

A

iliacus and psoas major

80
Q

rectus femoris - action?

A

flexion of hip

81
Q

quadratus femoris - action?

A

extends knee

82
Q

sartorius - innervation?

A

femoral nerve

83
Q

adductor brevis, longus, magnus - innervation and action?

A

adduction of hip and obturator nerve

84
Q

action of short muscles under the gluteus maximus?

A

lateral rotation of hip

85
Q

gluteus minimus, medius and tensor fascia lata - action and innervation?

A

medial rotation of hip - superior gluteal nerve

86
Q

gluteus maximus - innervation?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

87
Q

hamstrings - action on hip and knee?

A

hip - extension, knee - flexion

88
Q

innervation of posterior thigh compartment?

A

tibial branch of sciatic nerve

89
Q

3 muscles of hamstrings?

A

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

90
Q

extensor retinaculum of feet - function?

A

holds tendon of extensor compartment

91
Q

anterior compartment of leg - action?

A

dorsiflexion

92
Q

posterior compartment of leg - action?

A

plantarflexion

93
Q

tibialis anterior - action?

A

inversion of subtalar joint

94
Q

innervation of anterior leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

95
Q

lateral compartment of leg - innervation?

A

superficial fibular nerve

96
Q

2 muscles of the lateral compartment of leg?

A

fibularis longus and brevis

97
Q

gastronemius - action?

A

flexion of knee and plantarflexes ankle

98
Q

define triceps surae?

A

gastronemius and soleus muscle

99
Q

plantaris - action?

A

plantarflexion of ankle

100
Q

popliteus - action?

A

knee flexion

101
Q

function of knee menisci?

A

shock absorption

102
Q

which meniscus is bigger?

103
Q

which ligament is attached to the medial meniscus?

A

medial collateral ligament

104
Q

what does anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

hyperextension

105
Q

what does posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

A

hyperflexion

106
Q

superior tibiofibular joint?

A

plane synovial

107
Q

inferior tibiofibular joint?

A

fibrous joint

108
Q

aponeurosis of foot?

A

plantar aponeurosis

109
Q

lumbricals of foot - action?

A

flex 2nd - 5th toes

110
Q

2 options of nerves for innervation of foot?

A

lateral/ medial plantar nerve (usually lateral!)

111
Q

name all 7 talar bones?

A

navicular, lateral/intermediate/medial cuneiform, talus, cuboid, talus

112
Q

interphalangeal joint of foot - type of joint?

A

hinge synovial

113
Q

metatarsophalangeal joint - type of joint?

A

condylar synovial

114
Q

compact bone - structure?

A

haversian canal, osteocytes

115
Q

cancellous bone - what is contained within bone marrow?

A

haemopoetic tissue

116
Q

describe parts of fallopian tube from ovary to uterus?

A

fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

117
Q

epididymis - function?

A

storage of sperm

118
Q

cremaster muscle - innervation?

A

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

119
Q

histology - seminiferous tubules (blue picture) - type of cells present and their function?

A

interstitial cells of leydig - secretes testosterone

120
Q

histology - prostate - what is present in stroma?

A

smooth muscle, collagen fibres

121
Q

histology - how to differentiate between proliferative phase and secretory phase (uterus)?

A

proliferative - more tubular glands

122
Q

name 3 different types of vertebrae?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

123
Q

what structure passes through vertebral foramen?

A

spinal cord

124
Q

what sets apart thoracic vertebrae?

A

always has facet for ribs

125
Q

what sets apart lumbar vertebrae?

A

massive body compared to thoracic and cervical - also no foramen in transverse processes

126
Q

where do sacral spinal nerves pass through?

A

sacral foramen

127
Q

function of IV discs of spine?

A

shock absorption

128
Q

name the 2 components of the IV disc - which is in the middle?

A

in the middle = nucelus pulposus, annulus fibrosus

129
Q

IV disc - type of joint?

A

2y cartilaginous

130
Q

facet joints - type of joint?

A

synovial plane

131
Q

joints with ribs - type of joint?

A

synovial plane

132
Q

skull and atlas - type of joint?

A

synovial ellipsoid

133
Q

atlas and axis - type of joint?

A

pivot synovial

134
Q

name 2 ligaments of the vertebral column?

A

ligamentum flavum, anterior longitudinal ligament

135
Q

what are the muscles of the back which come from different parts of the body called?

A

extrinsic back muscles

136
Q

name an intrinsic muscle of the back?

A

erector spinae

137
Q

action of erector spinae on the spine?

A

extension (bilateral) and lateral flexion (unilateral)

138
Q

main 2 branches of sacral plexus?

A

pudendal and sciatic

139
Q

lymph drainage - body and cervix of uterus?

A

sacral and internal iliac nodes

140
Q

lymph drainage - fundus of uterus, ovaries, testes?

A

pre-aortic

141
Q

lymph drainage - vagina, penis, scrotum?

A

superficial inguinal

anatomy year 3 exam (29 decks)

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