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Human Physiology and Training Principles > Revision questions - muscle contractions > Flashcards

Revision questions - muscle contractions Flashcards

1
Q

What does the musculoskeletal system contain? (slide 2)

  1. All the skeletal muscles in the body
  2. The voluntary muscles and the skeleton
  3. The human skeleton
  4. The cardiac, smooth and voluntary muscles
A

b. The voluntary muscles and the skeleton

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2
Q

What is the overall function of the muscular system? (slide 3)

  1. Locomotion and movement
  2. Support
  3. Heat production
  4. All of the above
A

d. All of the above

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3
Q

How many skeletal muscles are there in the body? (slide 3)

  1. 70
  2. 300
  3. 700
  4. 7000
A

c. 700

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4
Q

What are the primary tissue types that make up the muscular system?

  1. Muscle – epithelial – nerve
  2. Muscle – epithelial – nerve – connective
  3. Muscle – nerve – connective
  4. Muscle – connective – epithelial
A

b. Muscle – epithelial – nerve – connective

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5
Q

What does the skeletal system consist of? (slide 5)

  1. Bones – joints
  2. Bones – joints – cartilage – bone marrow
  3. Bones – joints – ligaments
  4. Bones – joints – ligaments – cartilage – bone marrow
A

d. Bones – joints – ligaments – cartilage – bone marrow

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6
Q

Functions of the skeletal system include: (slide 5)

  1. Mechanical support and leverage
  2. Organ protection
  3. Mineral storage
  4. Blood cell production
  5. All of the above
A

e. All of the above

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7
Q

What is the principle tissue of the skeletal system? (slide 6)

  1. Connective
  2. Epithelial
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
A

a. Connective

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8
Q

Which of the following is not part of the muscle organ system? (slide 7)

  1. Voluntary
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
  4. None, they are all part of the muscle organ system
A

b. Cardiac

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9
Q

Muscle fibres are grouped and surrounded by sheaths. From innermost to outermost, what are the names of the sheaths/layers?

  1. Endomysium – epimysium – perimysium
  2. Endomysium – perimysium – epimysium
  3. Epimysium – endomysium – perimysium
  4. Perimysium – endomysium – epimysium
A

b. Endomysium – perimysium – epimysium

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a pattern of fascicle organisation? (slide 9)

  1. Parallel
  2. Convergent
  3. Circular/Sphincter
  4. Singular
A

d. Singular

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11
Q

The axial skeleton consists of: (slide 14)

  1. Skull + vertebrae
  2. Skull + vertebrae + ribs
  3. Skull + vertebrae + ribs + pectoral girdle
  4. Skull + vertebrae + ribs + pectoral girdle + pelvic girdle
A

b. Skull + vertebrae + ribs

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12
Q

Bone cells are called: (Slide 16)

  1. Osteocytes
  2. Osteophages
  3. Osteopaths
  4. Osteon
A

a. Osteocytes

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13
Q

What is the purpose of osteoclasts? (slide 18)

  1. They are bone cells
  2. They remove bone matrix
  3. They roduce bone matrix
  4. They hold bone cells together
A

b. They remove bone matrix

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14
Q

Where is compact bone found? (slide 19)

  1. On the outside of bone
  2. On the inside of bone
  3. Throughout bone
  4. Only at the ends of bone
A

a. On the outside of bone

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15
Q

What does spongy bone consist of? (slide 20)

  1. Osteocytes
  2. Osteocytes + osteons + lamallae
  3. Osteocytes + lamellae
  4. Osteoblasts + osteons
A

c. Osteocytes + lamellae

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16
Q

How many muscle cells/fibres does a fascicle contain? (slide 21)

  1. 10’s
  2. 100’s
  3. 1000’s
  4. 1000000’s
A

c. 1000’s

17
Q

What is the name of the bundles of protein filaments in a muscle cell? (slide 21)

  1. Sarcomeres
  2. Myofibrils
  3. Myosin
  4. Sarcolemmas
A

b. Myofibrils

18
Q

What is the name of the repeating unit in a muscle cell? (slide 21)

  1. Sarcomeres
  2. Sarcolemmas
  3. Sarcoplasm
  4. Sarcoma
A

a. Sarcomeres

19
Q

Each muscle cell contains 1 nucleus. (slide 22)

  1. True
  2. False
A

b. False

20
Q

Muscle fibre nuclei are found in the middle of each cell. (Slide 22)

  1. True
  2. False
A

b. False

21
Q

When muscles ‘grow’ this is primarily due to

  1. Hypertrophy
  2. Hyperplasia
  3. Hyperactivity
  4. Hypotrophy
A

a. Hypertrophy

22
Q

When the body goes through hypertrophy: (Slide 24)

  1. The muscle gets smaller
  2. The number of muscle fibres decreases
  3. The number of muscle fibres increase
  4. Each muscle cell gets bigger
A

d. Each muscle cell gets bigger

23
Q

When we age we can potentially lose large amount of muscle fibres. What is this known as? (slide 24)

  1. Sarcomere
  2. Sarcopenia
  3. Hypertrophy
  4. Muscle wastage
A

b. Sarcopenia

24
Q

Each sarcomere contains: (slide 25)

  1. 1 set of myofilament of actin + 1 set of myofilament of myosin
  2. 2 sets of myofilament of actin + 1 set of myofilament of myosin
  3. 1 set of myofilament of actin + 2 sets of myofilament of myosin
  4. 2 sets of myofilament of actin + 2 sets of myofilament of myosin
A

b. 2 sets of myofilament of actin + 1 set of myofilament of myosin

25
Q

What is the name of the boundary between successive sarcomeres? (slide 26)

  1. The Z-line
  2. The I band
  3. The H-zone
  4. The C-Line
A

a. The Z-line

26
Q

Which of the following are the main contractile proteins in a muscle fibre? (slide 27)

  1. Actin and myosin
  2. Actin and troponin
  3. Myosin and Tropomyosin
A

a. Actin and myosin

27
Q

What is the name of the structure that allows the action potential to enter the skeletal muscle?

  1. T-tubule
  2. Z-line
  3. Z-disc
  4. Calcium duct
A

a. T-tubule

28
Q

What does EMG measure the activity of?

  1. The heart
  2. Muscles
  3. Blood pressure
  4. Nerve activity
A

b. Muscles

29
Q

What is the name of the theory of muscle contraction? (slide 27)

  1. The Contraction Theory
  2. The Grabbing Theory
  3. The Sliding Filament Theory
  4. The Hypertrophy Theory
A

c. The Sliding Filament Theory

30
Q

What is the purpose of troponin and tropomyosin? (slide 26)

  1. To form the main elements in the sliding filament theory
  2. To be the source of energy for muscular contraction
  3. To regulate muscular contraction
  4. To be the source of actin and myosin through the process of hypertrophy
A

c. To regulate muscular contraction

31
Q
  1. During contraction, sarcomeres shorten (slide 28)
    1. True
    2. False
A

a. True

32
Q
  1. What is the order of the following steps in the cross bridge cycle? (slide 30)
  2. ‘reloading of crossbridge
  3. Release of Pi and ADP from crossbridge
  4. Hydrolysis of ATP
  5. Powerstroke of crossbridge
  6. Binding of ATP to cross bridge
  7. 1-2-3-4-5
  8. 1-3-5-4-2
  9. 1-2-4-3-5
  10. 5-3-2-4-1
A

d. 5-3-2-4-1

33
Q

How many skeletal muscle fibres types are there? (slide 32)

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
A

c. 3

34
Q

The fibres in a single motor unit can be of different types. (slide 32)

  1. True
  2. False
A

b. False

35
Q

What are Type 1 muscle fibres also known as? (slide 33)

  1. Fast glytolytic
  2. Slow glycolytic
  3. Fast oxidative
  4. Slow oxidative
A

d. Slow oxidative

36
Q

What is the difference in mitchondria number between type IIa and type IIb skeletal muscle fibre? (slide 34)

  1. Type IIa contains more mitochondria
  2. Type IIb contains more mitochondria
  3. They both contain the same number of mitochondria
  4. Neither fibre type has mitochrondria as they are fast twitch fibres
A

a. Type IIa contains more mitochondria

37
Q

Tension developed by each fibre depends on: (slide 35)

  1. Fibre type
  2. Fibre diameter
  3. Action potential frequency
  4. All of the above
A

d. All of the above

Human Physiology and Training Principles (9 decks)

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