Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RESP > Revision Questions > Flashcards

Revision Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Why is smoking a risk factor for pneumonia?

A

Reduces mucociliary clearance and pulmonary macrophage function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is alcohol a risk factor for pneumonia?

A

Reduces neutrophil function, cough and epiglottic reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What changes are seen in the pleural fluid in empyema?

A

Exudative with neutrophils
Acidic
Low glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of necrosis creates lung abscesses?

A

Suppurative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is centriacinar emphysema?

A

Bronchioles are affected and alveoli are spared
More commonly in upper lobes
Cigarette smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is panacinar emphysema?

A

Acini are uniformly enlarged
Lower lobes
a-1-AT deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is distal acinar emphysema?

A

Only alveoli are enlarged

Most associated with pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is irregular emphysema?

A

Acinus is irregularly involved
Associated with scarring
Most common but also most are asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the causes of death in COPD?

A

Respiratory failure
Cor pulmonale
Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What effect can the chronic inflammation of the bronchi do to the airway epithelium?

A

Can cause squamous metaplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What system is used to stage COPD?

A

GOLD initiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the signs of CO2 retention in COPD?

A

Warm sweaty palms with dilated veins
Bounding pulse
Chemosis (eye irritation)
Asterixis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the signs of hyperinflation in COPD?

A 
Barrel shaped chest
Decreased cricosternal distance
Reduced chest expansion
Impalpable apex beat
Hyper-resonant on percussion
Absent cardiac dullness
Liver pushed down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with small cell carcinomas?

A

Cushing’s; ACTH
Hyponatraemia; SIADH
Cerebellar syndrome
Myasthenic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with squamous cell carcinomas?

A

Hypercalcaemia; PTHRP, TGFa, IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with adenocarcinoma?

A

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

17
Q

What is the treatment for small cell carcinomas?

A

Chemotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation

18
Q

What type of carcinoma can arise near scar tissue?

A

Adenocarcinoma

19
Q

Where in the lung does adenocarcinoma usually arise?

A

Peripheral

20
Q

What are the steps in the growth of an adenocarcinoma?

A

Typical adenomatous hyperplasia
Adenocarcinoma in situ
Invasive adenocarcinoma

21
Q

How does an adenocarcinoma in situ appear on a CT?

A

Ground glass opacity

22
Q

What marker is an adenocarcinoma positive for?

A

TTF-1

23
Q

What is an intracellular bridge?

A

Area of cytoplasm connected to another cell via a desmosome when the cells shrink

24
Q

What are the steps in squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Squamous metaplasia
Dysplasia
Carcinoma in situ
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma

25
Q

What IHC markers is a squamous cell carcinoma positive for?

A

CK5/6 and p63

26
Q

What mutations are present in adenocarcinoma?

A 
EGFR
ALK
ROS-1
RET
B-RAF
27
Q

What are the histiological features of small cell carcinomas?

A

Scant cytoplasm

Necrosis and mitosis

28
Q

What are the treatments for non-small cell carcinomas?

A

Surgery
Chemo
Radio

29
Q

What methods are used to stage non small cell carcinomas?

A

PET CT

EBUS TBNA

30
Q

What is the ECOG status?

A

Evaluates how well a patient will withstand treatment

31
Q

What are the signs of SVC obstruction?

A

Dilated anterior chest veins
Distended jugular veins
Hoarseness
Pemberton’s sign

32
Q

What is the name of a paraneoplastic syndrome that can appear in the skin?

A

Acanthosis nigricans

33
Q

What causes hoarseness in lung cancer?

A

Laryngeal nerve palsy

34
Q

What are the signs of IPF?

A

Tachypnoea
Finger clubbing
Reduced expansion
Fine end inspiratory bibasal creps

35
Q

Mikulicz syndrome

A

Combined inflammation of uvea and paratid gland

36
Q

Lofgren’s syndrome

A

Fever
Erythema nodosum
Polyarthritis
Bihilar lymphadenopathy

37
Q

Upper zone fibrosis

A 
Coal workers
Histiocytosis
Hypersensitivity
Ankylating spondylitis
Radiation
TB 
Silicosis
38
Q

Lower zone fibrosis

A 
RA
Asbestosis
IPF
Drugs
Scleroderma

RESP (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions