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RESP > 8. Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disease > Flashcards

8. Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the differential for a young person with shortness of breath?

A

Asthma

PE

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2
Q

What is the differential for an older person with shortness of breath?

A

COPD
Congestive heart failure
Pulmonary fibrosis

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3
Q

What are the upper respiratory tract causes of cough?

A

URTI
Sinusitis
Rhinitis
Post nasal drip

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4
Q

What are the lower respiratory tract causes of cough?

A

Pneumonia
TB
Asthma
COPD

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5
Q

What are the GI causes of cough?

A

GORD (reflux)

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6
Q

What drugs can cause a cough?

A

ACE inhibitors

B-blockers

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7
Q

What are the upper respiratory causes of sputum production?

A

Post nasal drip

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8
Q

What are the lower respiratory causes of sputum production?

A

Pneumonia
TB
COPD
Bronchiectasis

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9
Q

What is the differential for haemoptysis?

A 
Bronchogenic neoplasm
Pneumonia
TB
Bronchiectasis
PE
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10
Q

What is the differential for pleuritic chest pain?

A

PE
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax

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11
Q

What is the differential for wheeze/rhonchi?

A

Obstructive diseases
Allergy
Bronchiectasis

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12
Q

What is the differential for fever?

A

Upper or lower RTI

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13
Q

What is the differential for rigors?

A

Sepsis
TB
Empyema and abscess

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14
Q

What is the differential for night sweats?

A

TB

Empyema and abscess

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15
Q

What is the differential for weight loss?

A

Bronchogenic neoplasm
TB
Empyema
End stage COPD

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16
Q

What is the typical patient in COPD?

A

> 50
Smoker
Progressive SOB and productive cough
Frequent GP and hospital visits

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of an acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

Increase in SOB, wheeze and chest tightness

in LRTI change of sputum colour

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18
Q

What is the typical patient in decompensated heart failure?

A

> 50

Background of heart disease

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of decompensated heart failure?

A 
Progressive SOB
Orthopnoea
Noctural dyspnoea
Ankle oedema
Acute pulmonary oedema
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20
Q

What is orthopnoea?

A

Feeling like unable to breathe when lying flat

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21
Q

What drugs can give relief in decompensated heart failure?

A

Diuretics

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22
Q

What is the typical patient in asthma?

A

Younger, non-smoker
Intermittent symptoms, may be worse at night, at work or when exercising
Can be undiagnosed for years
Family or personal history of atopy

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23
Q

What drugs can give relief in asthma?

A

B2 antagonists

Oral steroids

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24
Q

What is the typical patient in PE?

A

Signs of DVT
Risk factors
Absence of obstructive disease or infection

25
Q

What is the typical patient in IPF?

A

> 60, male

Progressive SOB over 6-12 months

26
Q

What are the symptoms of lung cancer?

A

Haemoptysis, shortness of breath, weight loss, dry cough, hoarseness
Bone pain, jaundice and headaches

27
Q

What signs of respiratory disease can be seen in the hands?

A

Signs of CO2 retention in severe COPD

Clubbing

28
Q

What diseases can cause clubbing?

A

Malignancy
Pulmonary fibrosis
Suppurative lung diseases

29
Q

What diseases/surgery cause the trachea to be pulled towards the abnormal side?

A

Pneumothorax
Unilateral fibrosis
Atelectasis
Pneumonectomy

30
Q

What diseases cause the trachea to be pushed away from the abnormal side?

A

Large PE

Tension pneumothorax

31
Q

What diseases cause chest expansion to be symmetrically reduced?

A

Obstructive and restrictive diseases

32
Q

What diseases cause chest expansion to be unilaterally reduced?

A

Pneumothorax

Pleural effusion

33
Q

What disease causes an increase in tactile fremitus?

A

Pneumonia

34
Q

What diseases cause a decrease in tactile fremitus?

A

Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax
Atelectasis

35
Q

Which diseases cause hyper-resonant percussion?

A

Pneumothorax

COPD

36
Q

Which diseases cause dull percussion?

A

Pneumonia
Atelectasis
Tumour

37
Q

Which disease causes stony dull percussion?

A

Pleural effusion

38
Q

What features are looked for when auscultating?

A

Intensity of sounds and air entry
Vesicular or bronchial breathing
Symmetry
Added sounds

39
Q

What is bronchial breathing caused by?

A

Consolidation

40
Q

What are the features of rhonchi?

A

Always expiratory and bilateral

41
Q

Are creps inspiratory or expiratory?

A

Inspiratory

42
Q

What are the causes of bibasal creps?

A

Pulmonary oedema
IPF
Bronchiectasis

43
Q

What causes unilateral creps?

A

Pneumonia

44
Q

Are rubs inspiratory or expiratory?

A

Both

45
Q

When are rubs heard?

A

Pleural inflammation

46
Q

What are the causes of bilateral effusion?

A

Congestive heart failure

Liver and renal failure

47
Q

What are the causes of unilateral effusion?

A

Post pneumonia
Neoplasm
TB

48
Q

What are the specific signs of COPD?

A

Signs of CO2 retention
Hyperinflation
Hyper-resonant percussion
Expiratory wheeze

49
Q

What are the specific signs of decompensated heart failure?

A 
Tachypnoea
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Bibasal creps
Decreased breath sounds
Increased JVP, hepatomegaly, ascites, oedema
50
Q

What are the specific signs of IPF?

A

Tachypnoea
Clubbing
Decreased chest expansion
Fine end bibasal creps

51
Q

What are the specific signs of bronchiectasis?

A

Clubbing
Lots of dirty sputum
Coarse creps

52
Q

What are the specific signs of pleural effusion and empyema?

A 
Trachea pushed to opposite side
Reduced expansion on that side
Reduced tactile fremitus over effusion
Stony dull percussion
Reduced or absent breath sounds
53
Q

What are the specific signs of pneumothorax?

A

Trachea pulled towards (pushed away if tension)
Reduced expansion on that side
reduced tactile fremitus over pneumothorax
Hyper-resonant percussion
Reduced or absent breath sounds

54
Q

What are the specific signs of pneumonia?

A

Increased tactile fremitus and dull percussion over infection
Coarse creps unilaterally
Bronchial breathing

55
Q

What is Pemberton’s sign?

A

Patient’s face turns red when they raise their arms

Sign of SVC obstruction

56
Q

What are the specific signs of fibrosis from an old TB infection?

A 
Biapical
Trachea deviated towards side of max fibrosis
Mildly decreased fremitus
Slightly dull on percussion
Bronchial breathing
57
Q

What are the specific signs of a pneumonectomy?

A

Thoracotomy scar
Trachea deviated towards empty side
Expansion and fremitus decreased on that side
Dull percussion

58
Q

What are the specific signs of a lobectomy?

A

Chest findings are normal: remaining lobes re-expand to fill space

RESP (17 decks)

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