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Year 9 science > Revision Physics > Flashcards

Revision Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?

A

The thermal energy is the total kinetic (moving) energy of a substance is all the moving particles.
Temperature is the average measure of
kinetic energy in a substance

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2
Q

Why does thermal equilibrium occur?

A

Thermal Equilibrium because as particles collide with one another, some of the particles transfer energy, not stopping until the particles reach the same thermal energy.

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3
Q

Explain Conduction

A

Conduction is when a particle of higher thermal energy, collides with lower thermal energy, resulting in the lower energy particles having more energy transferred in them. Contact needs to occur.

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4
Q

How is current measured

A

An ammeter

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4
Q

Explain Convention

A

Convection is when particles of higher thermal energy, rises to a higher altitude due to the expansion of particles. Applies to liquid gas and solid.

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5
Q

How is an electric charge produced?

A

An electric charge is produced by stripping the electrons by adding friction.

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6
Q

Differentiate between Conductors and Insulators

A

A conductor allows electrons from a negatively charged space to a positively charged area. Insulators inhibit this process.

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7
Q

How does a short circuit occur

A

A short circuit occurs when electrons find a quicker way to reach a positively charged area than the designated wire.

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8
Q

What is the difference between thermal energy and temperature?

A

The thermal energy is the total kinetic (moving) energy of a substance is all the moving particles.
Temperature is the average measure of
kinetic energy in a substance

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9
Q

Why does thermal equilibrium occur?

A

Thermal Equilibrium because as particles collide with one another, some of the particles transfer energy, not stopping until the particles reach the same thermal energy.

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10
Q

Explain Conduction

A

Conduction is when a particle of higher thermal energy, collides with lower thermal energy, resulting in the lower energy particles having more energy transferred in them. Contact needs to occur.

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11
Q

Explain Radiation

A

electromagnetic refraction

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12
Q

Explain Convention

A

Convection is when particles of higher thermal energy, rises to a higher altitude due to the expansion of particles. Applies to liquid gas and solid.

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13
Q

How is an electric charge produced?

A

An electric charge is produced by stripping the electrons by adding friction.

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14
Q

Series vs Parallel circuits

A

Series: electrons have to go through devices one after another on a circuit.
Parallel: there are multiple branches on wire an electron can travel on a circuit.

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15
Q

What is Voltage

A

Voltage is the total amount of potential energy an electron has

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16
Q

What is Resistance?

A

Resistance is when teh atoms of the electrons collide with the atoms of the conductor

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17
Q

How can resistance be used

A

Resistance can be used as an e
xample of notches it can be used to limit current, divide voltage, and generate heat. The electrons cn be slowed down causing it to heat up

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18
Q

Toaster Resistance

A

Toaster: the electrons struggle to go through the thin coils generating heat and toasting the bread.

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19
Q

How is a sound produced?

A

Sound is produced through a displacement of particles due to vibrations. The particles in the air are compressed and then sent in all directions away from the source.

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20
Q

How do vibrations get to the ear?

A

Auricle, sounds are transformed to vibrations in the eardrum. The ossicles transmit the vibrations of the oval window—the vibration so the oval window is transmitted to the vibrations of the cochlea. The hairs on the cochlea detect the vibrations and convert them into an electrical signal sent to the brain through the auditory nerve.

21
Q

What type of wave are sound waves

A

Sound waves are longitudinal

22
Q

What is the area with few particles on the wave

A

Rarefraction

23
Q

Amplitude Sound

A

How far forwards and back the particles move

24
Q

How are wavelength and frequency related

A

Wavelength is the distance between the start of the end of the compression rate and the start of the next one. If there is a shorter wavelength, the point it hits each second is more frequent.

25
Q

What makes a lower frequency

A

Longer wavelengths mean that the waves are travelling further and hitting the same point a second less.

26
Q

As vibrations enter the ear what does it occur? go through

A

The sound waves first go through the ear canal to the eardrums (turns into vibrations). The ossicles transmit the vibrations as it goes through the oval window to the cochlea which converts the vibrations into electrical signals which are sent to the brain through the auditory nerve (through hairs)

27
Q

What changes the vibrations in the air into electrical signals?

A

The cochlea

28
Q

Eustachian Tubes Purpose?

A

Equalizes pressure in the middle ear so that pressure does t build up and damage the ear drum.

28
Q

How does the electrical signal get to the brain? sound

A

The auditory nerve

29
Q

Hearing loss solution

A

Cochlea implant

30
Q

How does a cochlea implant work?

A

A cochlea implant works by replacing the nerves in the cochlea and sends electrical signals into the brain directly via the auditory nerve.

31
Q

How is the way light travel different to sound?

A

light moves in a transverse wave as light moves forward ( rather than longitudinal) and also moves faster as it doesn’t need the collision of particles.

32
Q

Where does light land on the electromagnetic spectrum and how is it different to the others?

A

Visible light falls in the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum and is different as it is visible. Visible wavelengths of light: 380 to 700 nanometers

33
Q

How can we determine the wavelength, amplitude and frequency of a light wave?

A

Amplitude: how far light moves away from the resting position.
Wavelength: The point on the wavelength to the same point successive wavelength.
Frequency: How many times the waves hit a point a second.

34
Q

Differentiate between a transparent, translucent and opaque object.

A

Transparent: Light can fully go through an object. Translucent: Light can through an object but is distorted. Opaque: Light can’t travel through the object at all.

35
Q

The Law of Reflection

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

36
Q

Differentiate between the incident and reflected angle.

A

Incident Angle: he angle at which the incident ray hits the surface.
Reflected Angle: The angle at which the reflected ray bounces off the surface

37
Q

How and why refraction occurs

A

Refraction is less dense to more dense it slows down and bends towards the normal. Denser to less bends away from the normal

38
Q

Explain why white light is made of all the different colours in the spectrum.

A

White light is made of all the colours of the rainbow. As white light travels through a denser medium each of the different wavelengths is refracted to different colours resulting in the separation of colour

39
Q

Primary Colours

A

Blue, Red, Green

40
Q

What happens when primary colours are mixed

A

More colours are made

41
Q

Why do different colour objects appear the way they do

A

Opaque objects will appear coloured as it absorb all wavelengths.

42
Q

Torch Green filter Blue object

A

The green filter will absorb all the colour and only reflect the colour of the filter (green) the now green light will shine on the blue object that will absorb all the green light and reflect nothing (black)

43
Q

Explain why total internal reflection occurs

A

Refraction moving away from the normal occurs when the light goes from a more dense medium to a lesser one, as the angle of incidence gets larger, the angle of reflection can be bent along the lines of the two mediums. As the angle of incidence occurs even more, the angle of reflection can be bent past the critical point and be fully in the dense medium.

44
Q

Where can total internal reflection be of use

A

In gemology: the light can make the stone shine very bright.

45
Q

Explain how our eye works to collect light and send it to the brain.

A

Light hits the cornea and is refracted slightly. The iris contracts and expands to control the amount of light. Light passes through the pupil (opening of the eye). Light hits the convex in shape lens which is made for the light to hit the retina at the back of the eye. Light rods (dim light) and cones (colour) convert the image the eye is focused on into an electrical signal which is sent to the brain with an optic nerve.

46
Q

Myopia

A

If the eye is too long or the lens is too curved the image doesn’t reach the retina. Concave glasses fix this by spreading the light further apart before reaching the eyes so it reaches the retina.

47
Q

Hyperopia

A

The eye is to short or the lense is to weak, resulting in the image being formed oast the retina. Convex glasses fix this by converging the light before it reaches the eye.

48
Q

Colour Blind

A

Damaged cones

49
Q

Cataracts

A

Aged Lense, loses transparency, plastic lense

50
Q

Electricity vs Electrostatics

A

Electricity: the flow of electrical charge. Electrostatics: study of electric charges at rest and how they interact.

Year 9 science (5 decks)

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