Ecology Flashcards
Levels of Organisation
Macromulecules: organelles
Oraganelles together: cell
Cells of the same type: tissue
Different tissues together: organs
When we put different organs together we get an organism
Several organisms of the same species
Population
Several different populations in the same area
Community
Several communities in the same area, interact with different non-living factors (water, air, soil)
Ecosystem
A large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups that are adapted to a particular environment.
Biome
Ecosystems are made of (biotic) living and (abiotic) non-living factors. Examples
Biotic: Availability of mates, numbers of predators and parasites
Abiotic: (Physical surroundings), rainfall, tempeature
Biosphere
All parts of Earth where organisms live as a whole
What’s a habitat
A particular place where a population of living things lives
Features of habitats
Water, shelter, food, mates, clean air, warmth, light and safety
Producers
Synthesise nutrients using sunlight
Consumers
an organism that gets energy from other consumers or producers. Animals
Herbivores
eats non-living organisms. first-order consumer
Carnivores
eats living organisms animals or meats. Predators: catch and kill live animals. Scavengers: preys on already dead animals. Second,third of fourth level consumers.
Omnivores
Eats both animals (meat) and plants. second third fourth order consumers
Decomposer
Breaks down dead matter (organic compounds) into inorganic compounds, recycling nutrients into the soil for producers.
Food Chains
Needs arrows shows the flow of energy, shows what was eaten and by the flow of energy along the chain
Energy flows from
Producers to herbivores (heterotrophs, consumers). Then to carnivores through organic molecules gained from feeding
Food Chains vs Webs
Food chains are too simple and don’t accurately reflect trophic relationships. Webs are better as they show how many species ar connected in many ways.