Human Bio

Question 1

What two parts make up the central nervous system?

Answer 1

The brain and the spinal cord.

Question 2

What is the peripheral nervous system made of?

Answer 2

Somatic nervous system: controls voluntary skeletal movement (such as waving and jumping).
Autonomic Nervous System: controls involuntary skeletal movement (such as salivation, perspiration, digestion and blinking).

Question 3

Autonomic System made of

Answer 3

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic. Sympathetic speeds up heart rate. Parasympathetic: slows down heart rate.

Question 4

Lobes of the brain

Answer 4

Frontal lobe- front of the brain, emotions, reasoning movement and problem solving.
Parietal Lobe- organises perception of senses, pain pressure, temperature and touch.
Temporal Lobe- Region near ears controls recognition of sound and smell
Occipital Lobe- responsible for vision

Question 5

Brain

Answer 5

Gains information from inside and outside the body and makes decisions such as internal change and movement

Question 6

Neurons

Answer 6

large cell body connects to a long thin axon which is called a nerve fiber. axon carries nerve nerve impulses away from the cell body. myelin sheath help to control It faster by directing electrical impulse. Dendrites, nerve endings that that branch out the top of the cell body. Recieve info from one neuron to another axoss a synapse. synapse is a small gap between neurons. end of axon is sypnatic terminal.

Question 7

Nerve Impulses

Answer 7

An electrical signal that travels along nerve fiber in response to stimulus

Question 8

Motor Neuron

Answer 8

Carry signal from nervous system to muscle cells, carry out the response

Question 9

Interneurons

Answer 9

link sensory and motor neurons as well as other interneurons. most common

Question 10

Sensory

Answer 10

sensitive to various stimuli. send information connected to the central nervous system

Question 11

Reflex (stimulus-response)

Answer 11

Stimulus– receptors– ( via sensory neuron) control centre– effector—-( via motor neuron) response. Sensory neurons send two messages one to the brain and one to the muscles via motor neuron.

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

Movement balance voluntary

Question 13

Celleberum

Answer 13

Movement and balance involuntarily

Question 14

Brain- Stem

Answer 14

3 parts- connects the brain with the spinal cord and is responsible involuntary actions, heart rate, blood pressure

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

Links nervous system to pituitary system via pituitary gland to control homeostatic functions ( body temp., hunger, thirst)

Question 17

Ovaries

Answer 17

oestrogen progesterone. thickens the walls of uterus. development of female parts

Question 18

testes

Answer 18

testostereone, progesterone, oestregen. production of sperm and male sexual characteristics

Question 19

Pancreas

Answer 19

Insulin glucagon. lowers/raises blood glucose level

Question 20

Pituitary Gland

Answer 20

Pituriaty growth hormone, antidiuretic hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone. controls the size of bones stimulates muscle growth, and reduces the amount of water reabsorbed from kidneys.

Question 21

Thyroid Gland

Answer 21

affects metabolism physical and mental development. thyroxine and calcitonin. decreases calcium in the blood

Question 22

Parathyroid glands

Answer 22

parathyroid hormone. regulates the amount of calcium in the blood

Question 23

Adrenal Gland

Answer 23

Adrenalin, progesteone oestesorone. increases metabolism in flight or fight response. important for calcium in bones

Question 24

Pineal Glands

Answer 24

Whitening of skin

Question 25

body temp above normal

Answer 25

body senses change and sends signal to blood vessels to skin. blood vessels dilate and skin sweats. this cools down the body. body temp returns to normals, blood vessels constrict.

Question 26

body temp below normal

Answer 26

muscles and blood vessels. blood vessels constrict and skeletal muscles and arrector pili muscles contract. stand up straight

Question 27

Water balance

Answer 27

Water gain, drinking water eating food and water loss (sweat, exhalation, liquid and solid waste)

Question 28

Body becomes dehydrated

Answer 28

the body senses the changes and the pituitary gland releases ADH. kidneys conserve water. water balance is restored and ADH is no longer released

Question 29

Body becomes overhydrated

Answer 29

body senses change. kidneys filter more water out of the blood. the water level is balanced and the Kidneys stop filtering water

Question 30

1 st line of defense

Answer 30

1st line of defence, ear wax catches patogens, urine is slightly acidic makes it harder to grow skin is water proof.

Question 31

2nd line of d

Answer 31

virus contains a protective coating slip through line of defence. blood clotting to stop addition infection through skin damage. high temp to kill pathogens with high temp. white blood cells. inflammation causes more blood to reach the infected are and also bring white blood cells to attack pathogen. positive. Phagocytes

Question 32

third line of defense

Answer 32

b cells make antibodies that fit onto a specific part of the pathogen. Cause pathogens to be locked together and inhibit invasion. t cells recognise and kill