revision - eukaryotes + prokaryotes Flashcards
common features of all eukaryotic organisms
- nucleus
-other membrane bound organelles (e.g.mitochondria)
-can be uni or multicellular
eukaryotic kingdoms
-animals
-plants
-fungi
-protoctists
common features of prokaryotes (e.g.bacteria)
-no nucleus
-archaea are prokaryotic
-no organelles
-unicellular
definition of pathogen and which kingdoms may include them
- a pathogen is a harmful microbe
- fungi, bacteria, protoctists contain some
- all viruses are pathogenic
nucleus definition
stores all DNA and genetic information. controls reactions in the cell
cytoplasm definition
a jelly-like substance which is the site of chemical reactions
cell membrane definition
a thin layer surrounding the cell which controls what enters and exits it
cell wall definition
stiff layer outside the cell membrane. provides mechanical strength for the cell. plant cell walls are made of cellulose where as fungi cell walls are made of chitin.
mitochondria definition
small sausage shaped structures which are the site of aerobic respiration.
ribosomes definition
non membrane-bound organelles which make protein
chloroplasts definition
green disks in the cytoplasm, containing chlorophyll, which carry out photosynthesis
vacuole definition
large membrane-bound structure containing cell sap, which stores food and other chemicals. provides mechanical strength.
plant and animal cell differences
-plant cells have cell walls
-plants have chloroplasts and a vacuole
specialised cells
cells specifically adapted to carry out certain tasks
e.g. red blood cells have no nucleus to carry more haemoglobin
sperm cells have digestive enzymes to break through the egg’s layers
features of bacteria
-circular chromosome (free-floating DNA)
-cell membrane
-cell wall
-flagella (some)
-plasmid DNA
how do bacteria reproduce
binary fission
