Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Revision deif > Flashcards

Revision deif Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The phosphate is attached to … in the main nucleotide and bonded to the … carbon of the adjacent nucleotide

A

5 - 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the more stable ( dna - rna )

A

Dna – double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DNA is asymmetrical ..

A

N.B is per. to one side - Free PO4 and OH in each side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

كل ال bonds

A

covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ماعدا

A

Hydrogen bonds between N.B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ال PO4 اصلا بتبقي

A

-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

لما تبقي فري في الاخر ال PO4

A

-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

لما تبقي في وسط ال STRAND PO4

A

-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1 Nucleotide =

A

1 sugar + 1 phosphate + 1 nitrogenous base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In DNA C2 has

A

H only not OH ( - O )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In RNA C2 has

A

OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pyramidins

A

TC الستات SINGLE RING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Puriens

A

AG الرجالة Double Ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The 2 adjacent N.B

A

Covalent not hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Franklin code

A

ال snb دول عامود اكتر من واحد برا و جوا

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Franklin studeis

A

1 - spiral
2 - N.B perp
3 - The sugar phospahte on outside and N.B inside
4 - Diameter of helix must be more than 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Watson and Crick

A

2 strands like a ladder whose antiprallel
The rungs are the N.Bs
A double with T G trible with C
Rungs are the same width alwayys
Each turn of 1 molecule = 20 Nucleotides
Each turn of 1 strand = 10 Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chargaff rule

A

الرجالة = الستات
A + G = T + C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diff. between proteins

A

1 - No - kind - arrangemet of 20 aa
2 - Weak H - bonds — shape
3 - No of Polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Protein bonds and reaction

A

Peptide by peptidyl transferase enzyme
Dehydration – H from amine - OH from Carb.a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carbon next Carboxylic group

A

Alpha carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The structural bulding unit of protein

A

A.A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Simplest protein

A

Glycine - not alkyl group ( 19 ) only H
The no of alkyl groups only 19 as the aa are only 20 types - Glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Non-Histones regulatory

A

Antibodies - Hormones - Enzymes - Blood proteins as fibrinogen - albumin - globulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Structural Histones - Non Histones

A

Keratin - Fibrous proteins ( Actin and Myosin ) - Collagen of connective tissues as ligaments - bones - cartgs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Histones

A

Homogenous - Structural only
Basic = Arginine - Lysine = +ve charge
High amount
Bind with PO4
Ten folds forming string of Nucleosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Non - Histones

A

Heterogenous - Structural and Regulatory
Reg : DNA replication or Protein syn ?
Str : Spatial Organization - Packed Cromatin
1 / 100.000 time folding
Low amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Proteins and DNA

A

Linear polymer of unbranched chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

most viruses are

A

DNA like Bacteriophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The RNA Viruses

A

Influenza - HIV - Covid 19 - Hepatitis c - Poliomyelities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

…. Bacteria has Plasmid

A

Some not all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Nucleoid = Nuclear area = … volume of the cell

A

1 / 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Eukaryote has Plasmid

A

Yeast fungus

34
Q

… - … have circular DNA like Plasmid but not Plasmid

A

Mitochondria - Chloroplast

35
Q

Mitochondria - Chloroplast DNA

A

Not acc by Proteins

36
Q

All prokaryotes are ..

A

Unicellular

37
Q

Circle ( Ended joining )

A

Bacteria - Prokaryotes - Yeast Fungus

38
Q

Origin of replication

A

Pro : one point
Euo : Many points at same time

39
Q

Steretched DNA length

A

Pro : 1.4 mm
Euo : 2m

40
Q

DNA of Pros are att to ..

A

Plasma membrane

41
Q

Chromosome appear in

A

Prophase - Metaphase

42
Q

Reach to .. tat enzymes can reach

A

Nucleosomes - to replicate or protein syn

43
Q

Anaphase - Telophase

A

انا لوحدي

44
Q

Chromatin amount of DNA and Protein

A

Equal

45
Q

Griffith studied .. Bacteria

A

Pneumonia

46
Q

Types of Pneumonia

A

R رقيقة عندها انتجن بتصيب بس مش بتموت
S شرس ناعمة عندها كوت بتصيب و بتموت

47
Q

لما حقنا ب R

A

اعراض بس ممتش خط الدفاع التالت بيفشخه

48
Q

لما حقنا ب S

A

اعراض و مات اخترق خط الدفاع التالت

49
Q

Dead S

A

و لا اي حاجة

50
Q

Dead S + Live R

A

Bacterial Trans. R —- S some mice dead

51
Q

نهاية Griffith

A

Genetic material trans from bacteria to another one

52
Q

Avary mat … leh ?

A

mabdon - Isolated material from virulent and analysed that it was DNA - But not entirely pure contamination with protein

53
Q

Crucial Experiment المطرقع

A

Use DNAse and try = no transformation 5alsasnaaa

54
Q

Harshy and Chase الهارشين

A

Radioactive Phosphorus : DNA
Radioactive Sulphur : Protein coat
of Bacteriophage

55
Q

Result of Harshy and Chase الهارشين

A

100 % of Phosphorus enter after 4 mins
3% of sulphur enter
DNA is genetic material

56
Q

عدد اللي اتعملوا بعد 32 دقيقة

A

100

57
Q

بعد 4 دقايق

A

كل حاجة دخلت

58
Q

مستخدموش N مشع

A

موجود في ال DNA و Protein

59
Q

ال Helicase

A

يكسر مع اتجاه ال Leding من
3 —- 5 عشان
اللي ببنيه من فايف تو ثري

60
Q

البنا

A

Polymerase
اللي ببنيه من 5 تو 3

61
Q

Lagging strand

A

اللي بيتبني من
5 — 3
و اللي بيلزقه Ligase
بيمشي زي مايكل جاكسون

62
Q

مين يتكون الاول هيادروجين و لا فوسفودايستر

A

الهيادروجين طبعا عشان تعمل pair

63
Q

ال Templete strand

A

اللي اوله تلاتة

64
Q

the compination of strands after replication

A

ستارند من الجديد مع استراند من القديم
ستارند من القديم مع استرند من الجديد

65
Q

ما هو ال SHAR

A

Damage of DNA
1 - Some chemicals
2 - Body heat destructs the covalent bonds
3 - Aqueous environment yraga3 el H w OH
4 - Radiation - X - ray man

66
Q

… are more supp. to damage

A

Purines
Loses 5000 Purines !!!

67
Q

DNA Ligase .. enzymes

A

20 enzymes

68
Q

Ligase Repair

A

1 - Recognize
2 - Remove
3 - Repair
يستخدم ستراند عشان يعرف الاستراند التاني كان فيه ايه

69
Q

Why Ligase hero ?

A

2 - 3 Changes onlly in a year

70
Q

امتي يحصل Mutation ?

A

نفس المكان في نفس الوقت في الاستراندين

71
Q

نفس المكان في نفس الوقت في الاستراندين ايه نسبة انك تفلت ؟

A

25 %

72
Q

ليه الفايرس بيحصله mutation كتير

A

Single Strand

73
Q

Chromosomal Mutation in no :

A

1 - Klinefelter male xxy 47
2 - Turner female x 45
Polypoloidy :
Non sep of chromatids after centomere division
Failure of mem. formation between 2 daughter cells
More common in plants

74
Q

Polyploidy in animals

A

Snails - Worms Hermaphrotides Less common
Liver - Pancreas — Activity – Tri or poly

75
Q

Chromosomal Structure mutation

A

Exchange between 2 non homologous chromosomes
Delete - Gain - Insertion or duplication of small seg
Rotated gene 180 degree
All about genes not nucleotides

76
Q

Mutation acc. to Origin

A

Spon : Evolution without man inter. UV - cosmic rad - chemicals
Induced : Radiation ( UV - GAMMA - X - RAYS )
chemicals : Mustard gas - Colchicine gas - Nitrous acid
prod polyploidy - Seedless sweet fruit - Penicilium to prod antibiotic

77
Q

chemicals of ind mutation

A

: Mustard gas - Colchicine gas - Nitrous acid

78
Q

Mutation acc. to Location

A

Gamete inh. - Somatic ( more common in plants )

79
Q

Mutation acc. to Inheritance

A

True – Trans
False – Not Trans

80
Q
A

Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions