Revision

Question 1

When a child has begun to monitor the reaction of someone else in order to decide how to react to an ambiguous situation, he or she is demonstrating:

a. social referencing
b. self-awareness
c. self-consciousness
d. imprinting

Answer 1

a. social referencing

Question 2

The social support system that accompanies us during our life’s journey, changing as we go, is known as a:

a. social convoy
b. social structure
c. social group Incorrect
d. support organisation

Answer 2

a. social convoy

Question 3

The extent to which a parent is supportive, sensitive, and willing to provide affection and praise is referred to as the __________ dimension of child rearing.

a. control-acceptance
b. demandingness-control
c. responsiveness-demandingness
d. acceptance-responsiveness

Answer 3

d. acceptance-responsiveness

Question 4

In which type of attachment does a child show clear distress when the caregiver to whom the child is attached leaves, but ambivalence when the caregiver returns?

a. Secure
b. Avoidant
c. Disorganised-disoriented
d. Resistant

Answer 4

d. Resistant

Question 5

____________ is a relatively enduring dimension or quality of personality along which people differ.

a. Self-esteem
b. Narrative identity
c. Characteristic adaptation
d. Dispositional trait

Answer 5

d. Dispositional trait

Question 6

Kohlberg’s cognitive developmental theory of gender typing differs from the social learning perspective because it suggests that:

a. children first understand that they are girls or boys and then they actively reject same-gender models and a range of information about how to act like a girl or a boy
b. children first understand that they are girls or boys and then they actively seek same-gender models and a range of information about how to act like a girl or a boy
c. children are influenced to imitate and adopt male or female roles before they achieve a fully developed gender identity
d. children are influenced to reject male or female roles before they achieve a fully developed gender identity

Answer 6

b. children first understand that they are girls or boys and then they actively seek same-gender models and a range of information about how to act like a girl or a boy

Question 7

According to Howard Gardner, intelligence consists of unique distinct abilities. Which of the following is NOT among Gardner’s distinct types of intelligence?

a. Linguistic
b. Spatial
c. Musical
d. Memory capacity

Answer 7

d. Memory capacity

Question 8

Gender identity is best understood from a ____________ perspective.

a. biopsychosocial
b. psychological
c. biological
d. social

Answer 8

a. biopsychosocial

Question 9

While she does not scream when her parents attempt to cuddle her, Leanne does tend to look away and demonstrate some discomfort with this activity. With regard to temperament, Leanne is best classified as:

a. slow-to-warm-up
b. difficult
c. secure
d. easy

Answer 9

a. slow-to-warm-up

Question 10

A phenomenon, occurring around 18 months of age, that involves the pace of word learning quickening dramatically, is called:

a. a vocabulary spurt
b. metalinguistic awareness
c. babbling
d. an overextension

Answer 10

a. a vocabulary spurt

Question 11

The two-factor model argues that intelligence is highly influenced by a factor simply designated as ‘g’. What does ‘g’ stand for?

a. General mental ability
b. Genetic inheritance
c. Goodness-of-fit
d. Global self-worth

Answer 11

a. General mental ability

Question 12

Dominique is shown a series of triangles of different sizes and colours and is asked to guess what the next triangle in the series might look like. The use of this novel task indicates that the person testing Dominique is most likely assessing __________ intelligence.

a. naturalistic
b. linguistic
c. fluid
d. crystallised

Answer 12

c. fluid

Question 13

Consolidation is the process during which information is organised into a form suitable for:

a. short-term storage
b. long-term storage
c. perceptual recognition
d. sensory recognition

Answer 13

b. long-term storage

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding newborn infants’ vision?

a. Much of what young infants see is blurry
b. Infants don’t have colour vision until around six months of age
c. Initial visual accommodation skills allow infants to focus clearly on far objects but not near objects
d. Pattern complexity has no impact on infants’ visual preferences

Answer 14

a. Much of what young infants see is blurry

Question 15

The primary way gifted children can be identified at an early age is by their:

a. lack of motivation to act due to a fear of perfectionism
b. high level of motor activity
c. advanced language skills
d. good social interaction skills

Answer 15

c. advanced language skills

Question 16

Robert Siegler investigated the type of information that a child takes in during a problem-solving task, and also what strategies he or she formulates when attempting to solve the problem. Siegler called his model the ___________ approach.

a. fuzzy-trace
b. method of loci
c. autobiographical
d. rule assessment

Answer 16

d. rule assessment

Question 17

Six-month-old Joseph is sitting in his car seat and repeatedly saying “na na na na na”. Joseph is best described as doing what?

a. Using pragmatics
b. Cooing
c. Holophrasing
d. Babbling

Answer 17

d. Babbling

Question 18

In order to engage in role-taking, children must outgrow what Piaget called ___________ thought.

a. egocentric
b. hypothetical-deductive reasoning
c. reversible
d. abstract

Answer 18

a. egocentric

Question 19

Simon is 10 years old and when asked the question, “Who is naughtier, Pat, who broke a plate because he was throwing it up in the air after his father told him to take it to the sink, or Tom, who broke 5 plates when he was trying to carry them all to the sink”, he replies, “Pat is naughtier. Tom was just trying to be helpful”. Simon is in the:

a. conventional level
b. heteronomous morality stage
c. autonomous morality stage
d. premoral period

Answer 19

c. autonomous morality stage

Question 20

According to Patterson’s model of development, antisocial behaviour:

a. starts when children begin to imitate antisocial behaviours they see depicted in the media (e.g., television, movies)
b. is the result of a genetic predisposition to act aggressively
c. begins with poor parental discipline
d. first occurs when children fall in with a bad crowd when they are teens

Answer 20

c. begins with poor parental discipline

Question 21

The sensory register is the ___________ in information processing in which stimuli are noticed and are briefly available for further processing.

a. last memory store
b. long-term memory process
c. short-term memory process
d. first memory store

Answer 21

d. first memory store

Question 22

The ability to explain one’s behaviour as being driven by what one wants is the basis of ______________ psychology.

a. operant conditioning
b. desire
c. classical conditioning
d. physiological

Answer 22

b. desire