Reviewer Q4 final exams all topics (AP Q4 10 NOTES) Flashcards
based On the notes of governor grade 10, gilyann, special thanks to her!
What is a Constitution?
A written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited, defined and by which these powers are distributed among several departments for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the body politic.
It serves as the supreme or fundamental law and is binding to all individual citizens and all organs of the government.
What are the key purposes of a Constitution?
Establishes the basic framework and underlying principles of the government, prescribes the permanent framework system, initiates basic principles, designed to preserve and protect the rights of citizens.
It assigns powers and duties to different branches of government.
What is the 1899 Philippine Constitution known as?
Malolos Constitution
It was the first Philippine Constitution, established a republican government, recognized the separation of church and state, and ensured rights of Filipinos.
What significant features did the 1935 Constitution introduce?
Modeled after the U.S. government, created a bicameral legislature, included a Bill of Rights, allowed women’s suffrage.
This is also known as the Commonwealth Constitution.
What was a major change in the 1973 Constitution?
Introduced a parliamentary system, increased presidential powers, suspended the Bill of Rights, extended Marcos’ rule.
This is often referred to as the Martial Law Constitution.
What did the 1987 Constitution restore?
Restored democracy and reinforced separation of powers, bringing power back to civilians.
This Constitution is also known as the Freedom Constitution.
Define Civil Rights
Rights that guarantee equal social opportunities and protection under the law, regardless of characteristics.
It includes rights enforced by law to ensure happiness.
List three examples of Civil Rights.
- Right to Life, Liberty, and Security
- Right to Public Education
- Right to Fair and Public Trial
What are Political Rights?
Rights to participate directly or indirectly in the establishment or administration of the government.
These rights include freedoms related to opinion, assembly, and voting.
List three examples of Political Rights.
- Freedom of Opinion and Expression
- Right to Participate in Government Affairs
- Right to Suffrage
What is Citizenship?
Being a member of a country with civil and political rights and is protected by the state.
What is a Natural-Born Citizen?
Citizens of the Philippines from birth without needing to perform any act to acquire citizenship.
Applies to those born before January 17, 1973.
Define Naturalized Citizen.
Those who were originally citizens of another country but acquire citizenship in a different country through an intervening act.
What is the difference between Citizenship and Nationality?
Citizenship is granted by the government upon meeting requirements, while Nationality refers to the status of belonging to a particular nation, typically based on place of birth.
What does Jus Sanguinis mean?
By blood (parents).
What does Jus Soli mean?
By soil (place of birth).
Define Suffrage.
The right and obligation to vote for qualified citizens in national and local elections and public questions.
It is outlined in Article V of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
What is the nature of Suffrage?
Not a natural right but a privilege given and withheld by lawmaking powers.
What are the components of the scope of suffrage?
- Election
- Plebiscite
- Referendum
- Initiative
- Recall
What are the qualifications to vote in the Philippines?
- A citizen of the Philippines
- At least eighteen years of age
- Have resided in the Philippines for at least one year
- Not otherwise disqualified by law
Who are disqualified from voting?
- Persons sentenced to imprisonment for not less than one year
- Persons showing rebellion against the government
- Insane or incompetent persons
What are the three branches of the Philippine Government?
- Executive
- Legislative
- Judicial
Who heads the Executive branch?
The President.
What is the role of the Judicial branch?
Oversee controversies regarding the rights of the people and declare laws or actions unconstitutional.
What is the primary function of the Legislative branch?
Authorized to make, alter, and repeal laws.
Define Corruption.
The misuse or abuse of power for private gain.
What are the two kinds of corruption?
- Institutionalized
- Spontaneous
List three forms of corruption.
- Bribery
- Fraud
- Embezzlement
What is Vote Buying?
An economic exchange where a voter sells their vote to the highest bidder.
What is a Political Dynasty?
Monopolization of political power by traditional political families, often perpetuating economic inequality.
Define Extra Judicial Killings.
Deliberate killings by officials without legal processes.
What is Red Tagging?
The act of branding individuals or groups as affiliated with communism or terrorism by state actors.
Define Addiction.
Inability to stop using a substance or engaging in a behavior causing harm.
What is Fake News?
News or stories created to deliberately misinform or deceive readers.
