Reviewer

Question 1

Philosophy comes from two words: philos which means blank and sophia which means blank

Answer 1

love & wisdom

Question 2

4 meaning of philosophy

Answer 2

Scientific Approach, Natural Light of Reason, Study of all things, First Cause or the Highest Principle

Question 3

4 First Cause or the Highest Principle

Answer 3

a. Principle of Identity
b. Principle of Noncontradiction
c. Principle of Excluded Middle
d. Principle of Sufficient Reason

Question 4

It is suspending one’s judgement and conclusion about a matter and mentally exploring the pros and cons, the characteristics, and the purpose of an idea, or situation.

Answer 4

Emptying

Question 5

2 Philosophical Way of Thinking

Answer 5

Holistic and Partial Thinking

Question 6

It refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems. This often described as looking at the “big picture” when describing and analyzing a situation or problem.

Answer 6

Holistic Thinking

Question 7

A philosophical way of thinking that focuses on specific aspects of a situation.

Answer 7

Partial Thinking

Question 8

A branch of philosophy that is only an extension of the fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to know what is real. What is reality, why does reality exist, and how does it exist are just some of the questions pursued by physics.

Answer 8

Metaphysics

Question 9

For him, everything is water. He claimed that everything we experience is water.

Answer 9

Thales

Question 10

Reality everything else is blank

Answer 10

Appearance

Question 11

He is Socrates’ most famous student and is a good example of metaphysician who drew the sharpest possible contrast between reality and appearance.

Answer 11

Plato

Question 12

For him reality is invincible but concrete true representation of all physical reality that the eye can see.

Answer 12

Plato

Question 13

It is the branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates the morality and virtue of human actions.

Answer 13

Ethics

Question 14

They study morality from perspective of philosophy appeal to logical arguments to justify claims and positions involving morality.

Answer 14

Ethicists

Question 15

Ethics Five Main Frameworks

Answer 15

Divine Command
Consequentialism or Utilitarianism
Deontological Ethics
Virtue Ethics
Relativism

Question 16

In this framework, a strong sense of individualism does not exist, bit rather, the collective is emphasized. The actions and moral reasoning of St. Teresa of Calcuta and St. Lorenzo Ruiz are exemplars of this theory.

Answer 16

Divine Command

Question 17

Jeremy Bentham, Stoics, and Epicureans are the authors of this ethical theory. In others, what is good for the greatest number of people is the best choice and moral choice. An example is if killing a cow is the only way to save seven children from starvation, killing the cow is moral.

Answer 17

Consequentialism or Utilitarianism

Question 18

Whatever is my moral duty to do. This means the person has a moral duty to do what is right regardless of what the person thinks or feels about the situation.

Answer 18

Deontological Ethics

Question 19

What kind of person I ought to be

Answer 19

Virtue Ethics

Question 20

What does my culture or society think I ought to do?

Answer 20

Relativism

Question 21

For him, to be happy a person has to live a virtuous life.

Answer 21

Socrates

Question 22

A greek word which means virtue

Answer 22

Arete

Question 23

He raised the “problem of the Negro”

Answer 23

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois

Question 24

It deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge.

Answer 24

Epistemology

Question 25

The believe that general ideas are formed from the examination of particular facts. This method is called…

Answer 25

Induction

Question 26

He is and example of empiricist

Answer 26

John Locke

Question 27

It is the view that knowledge can be attained only through experience.

Answer 27

Empiricism

Question 28

Other philosophers think it is more important to find a general law according to which particular facts can be understood or judge. This method is called…

Answer 28

Deduction

Question 29

He is an example of rationalist.

Answer 29

Rene Descartes

Question 30

In the *blank* view, is that real knowledge is based on logic, laws, and methods that reason develops.

Answer 30

Rationalist

Question 31

For William James and John Dewey, value in use is the real test of truth and meaning. In other words, the meaning and truth of an idea are tested by its practical consequences.

Answer 31

Pragmatism

Question 32

She envisioned an education for women. She is the author of Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) where she dictated that women were to be more than just wives and caretakers.

Answer 32

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 33

The word logic originates from the Greek word….

Answer 33

Logos

Question 34

It if the study of laws of thought or correct reasoning.

Answer 34

Logic

Question 35

It is the concern of the logician.

Answer 35

Reasoning

Question 36

It is the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations — including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.

Answer 36

Aesthetics

Question 37

Three great original centers of philosophy in the world

Answer 37

Greek, Indian, and Chinese

Question 38

Three dimensions of Filipino thought

Answer 38

Loob Concept of Time Bahala na

Question 39

This refers to sharing of one’s self to others. It puts one in touch with his fellow beings.

Answer 39

Loob

Question 40

The filipino believes in gulong ng palad (wheel of fortune) and hence, looks at life as a series of ups and downs

Answer 40

Concept of Time

Question 41

It is to leave everything to God.

Answer 41

Bahala Na

Question 42

Abundance comes from the Latin word *blank* which means to overflow nonstop

Answer 42

abundare

Question 43

It is to think or express oneself in a rational and logical manner.

Answer 43

Philosophizing

Question 44

In *blank*, truth is based on the person’s consciousness.

Answer 44

Phenomenology

Question 45

In *blank*, truth is based on exercising choices and personal freedom.

Answer 45

Existentialism

Question 46

In *blank*, it is accepted that truth is not absolute.

Answer 46

Postmodernism

Question 47

In *blank*, truth is based on reasoning and critical thinking.

Answer 47

Logic

Question 48

He founded phenomenology, which is essentially a philosophical method.

Answer 48

Edmund Husserl

Question 49

It focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances defined as any object of conscious experience.

Answer 49

Phenomenology

Question 50

It is not primarily a philosophical method. Neither it is exactly a set of doctrines but more of an outlook or attitude supported by diverse doctrines centered on certain common themes.

Answer 50

Existentialism

Question 51

It has come into vogue as the name for rather diffused family ideas and trends that in significant respect rejects, challenges, or aims to supersede “modernity”.

Answer 51

Postmodernism

Question 52

It is based on observations in order to make generalizations. This means from many specific examples and instances, a person can make a general guess.

Answer 52

Inductive Reasoning

Question 53

It draws conclusions from usually one broad judgment or definition and one more specific assertion, often an inference.

Answer 53

Deductive Reasoning

Question 54

It is a specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his or her opponent's feelings of pity or guilt.

Answer 54

Appeal to pity (Argumentum ad misericordiam)

Question 55

Whatever has not been proven false must be true and vice versa

Answer 55

Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum ad ignorantiam)

Question 56

This is a logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times, but giving the particular word a different meaning each time.

Answer 56

Equivocation

Question 57

This infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole. The reverse of this fallacy is division.

Answer 57

Composition

Question 58

One reason logically is that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts.

Answer 58

Division

Question 59

This fallacy attempts to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic or belief of a person advocating the premise.

Answer 59

Against the person (Argumentum ad hominem)

Question 60

It is an argument where force, coercion, or the threat of force is given as justification for the conclusion.

Answer 60

Appeal to force (Argumentum ad baculum)

Question 61

It is an argument that appeals to exploit people's vanities, and desire for esteem, and anchors on popularity.

Answer 61

Appeal to the People

Question 62

Since that event followed this one, that event must have been caused by this one. This fallacy is also referred to as coincidental correlation or correlation, not causation

Answer 62

Falce cause (post hoc)

Question 63

One commits errors if one reaches an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence.

Answer 63

Hasty Generalizations

Question 64

This is a type of fallacy in which the proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly or explicitly in the premise.

Answer 64

Begging the question (petition principii)

Question 65

It is a statement about the world or reality. It may or may not carry the truth.

Answer 65

Propositions

Question 66

It is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.

Answer 66

Knowledge

Question 67

A statement that goes beyond providing facts.

Answer 67

Opinions

Question 68

It is a judgment based on certain facts

Answer 68

Conclusion

Question 69

These are propositions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful.

Answer 69

Facts

Question 70

These are statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.

Answer 70

Beliefs

Question 71

These are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is true

Answer 71

Explanations

Question 72

A statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true. This means that this can be proven by verification.

Answer 72

Claim

Question 73

These are series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful

Answer 73

Arguments

Question 74

It is disproportionate weight in favor of or against the idea or thing, usually in a way that is close-minded and prejudicial.

Answer 74

Bias

Question 75

It is an organized body of knowledge and the subject matter of this question.

Answer 75

Philosophy

Question 76

Three major characteristics of Philosophy

Answer 76

Philosophical questions have answers, but the answers remain disputed. Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith. Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beings.

Question 77

It is the status of being a person

Answer 77

Personhood

Question 78

It is the general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind regarded as shared by all humans.

Answer 78

Human Nature

Question 79

It is fundamentally a creature of God and not a casual product of blind and arbitrary matter or the construction of social engineers.

Answer 79

Human Person

Question 80

What are the different traits of a person?

Answer 80

Self-Awareness Self-Determination Externality Dignity Free will

Question 81

It is a man, woman, or child of the species Homo Sapiens, distinguished from other animals by superior mental development, power of articulate speech, and upright stance.

Answer 81

Human Being

Question 82

It refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions.

Answer 82

Self-awareness

Question 83

It refers to the capability of a person to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriented and self-directed

Answer 83

Self-determination

Question 84

It refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world.

Answer 84

Externality

Question 85

It refers to the innate right to be valued and respected.

Answer 85

Dignity

Question 86

It enables us to do actions whenever we want to and makes self-determination possible. It is the capacity to choose a course of action from various alternatives

Answer 86

Free-will

Question 87

It is the ability to change, be dynamic, and continually, redefining, one's self that works with our facticity to create change

Answer 87

Transcendence

Question 88

It refers to the things in our life that are already given

Answer 88

Facticity

Question 89

As temporal beings, our most obvious limitation is our finitude

Answer 89

Spatial-Temporal Beings

Question 90

It refers to our finite quality or state

Answer 90

Finitude

Question 91

It is part of the world that affects our environment in the same way that changes in our environment affect us.

Answer 91

Humankind

Question 92

It is the discipline of philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings with the environment and its non-human contents.

Answer 92

Environmental Philosophy

Question 93

It focuses on the significant role of humankind in the world and considers nature as the means by which humans are able to meet their needs and survive.

Answer 93

Anthropocentrism

Question 94

It believes that humans are not the only significant species on the planet and that all organisms have inherent value and should be protected.

Answer 94

Biocentrism

Question 95

Also known as The Animal Welfare Act of 1998

Answer 95

R.A 8485

Question 96

It places great value on ecosystems and biological communities. This view believes that humankind is part of a greater biological system or community and that we have a significant role as stewards or guardians of nature.

Answer 96

Ecocentrism

Question 97

It is one philosophical view that believes maintaining order in the environment will bring out the natural beauty of the surroundings and contribute to the well-being of the people and other organisms living in it.

Answer 97

Environmental Aesthetics

Question 98

This perspective advocate addressing the growing environmental problems.

Answer 98

Environmentalism

Question 99

This is a moral approach that analyzes the relationship between humans and the environment. It also discusses environmental problems caused by human activities and social issues that impact the environment.

Answer 99

Environmental Ethics

Question 100

It applies an ecological and ethical approach in analyzing society and sees a relationship between social problems and environmental problems.

Answer 100

Social Ecology

Question 101

This concept focuses on reconciling human activities and economic development with the protection of the environment.

Answer 101

Sustainability

Question 102

Three important principles of sustainability

Answer 102

Environmental Integrity Economic Efficiency Equity

Question 103

It refers to maintaining the state of the environment. This means that human activities should not unduly disrupt the ecosystems and human communities located in the area.

Answer 103

Environmental Integrity

Question 104

It refers to prudence in decision-making regarding the use of resources to ensure that there is minimum to zero waste.

Answer 104

Economic Efficiency

Question 105

Demands that we use our natural resources in such a manner that these are conserved so that the next generation will be able to use them

Answer 105

Equity

Question 106

It is the ability to regulate one's action and behavior

Answer 106

Prudence

Question 107

It is being thrifty with the use of one's resources.

Answer 107

Frugality