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Philosophy > METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING > Flashcards

METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING Flashcards

1
Q

It is to think or express oneself in a rational and logical manner.

A

Philosophizing

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2
Q

In blank, truth is based on the person’s consciousness; while in blank, truth is based on exercising choices and personal freedom

A

Phenomenology & Existentialism

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3
Q

In blank, it is accepted that truth is not absolute; and in blank, truth is based on reasoning and critical thinking.

A

Postmodernism & Logic

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4
Q

He founded phenomenology , which is essentially a philosophical method.

A

Edward Husserl

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5
Q

It focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances defined as any object of conscious experience.

A

Phenomenology

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6
Q

The word “phenomenon” comes directly from Greek word meaning “appearance.”

A

φαινόμενον, phainómenon

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7
Q

What are the two types of reasoning

A

Deductive and Inductive

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8
Q

It it based from observations in order to make generalizations. This means from many specific examples and instances, a person can make a general guess.

A

Inductive Reasoning

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9
Q

It draws conclusion from usually one broad judgement or definition and one more specific assertion, often an inference.

A

Deductive Reasoning

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10
Q

It is a defect in an argument other than its having false premises. To detect it, it is required to examine the argument’s content.

A

Fallacies

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11
Q

What are the 11 types of fallacies

A

Appeal to pity
Appeal to ignorance
Equivocation
Composition
Division
Against the person
Appeal to force
Appeal to the people
False Cause
Hasty Generalization
Begging the question

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12
Q

It is a specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his/her opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt.

A

Appeal to pity

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13
Q

An appeal that whatever has not been proven false must be true and vice versa

A

Appeal to Ignorance

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14
Q

It is a logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times but giving the particular word a different meaning each time.

A

Equivocation

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15
Q

It infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole. The reverse of this fallacy is division.

A

Composition

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16
Q

In this type of fallacy one reasons logically that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts.

A

Division

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17
Q

This fallacy attempts to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic or belief of a person advocating the premise.

A

Against the person

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18
Q

An argument where force, coercion, or the threat of force is given as justification for a conclusion

A

Appeal to force

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19
Q

An argument that appeals to or exploits people’s vanities, desire for esteem, and anchors on popularity

A

Appeal to people

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20
Q

Since that event followed this one, that event must have been caused by this one. Also referred to as coincidental correlation or correlation not causation.

A

False Cause

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21
Q

A type of fallacy is when one commits errors if one reaches an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence.

A

Hasty Generalizations

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22
Q

A type of fallacy in which the proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly or explicitly in the premise.

A

Begging the question

23
Q

It is a statement about the world or reality. It may or may not carry the truth.

A

Propositions

24
Q

It is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.

A

Knowledge

25
Q

A statement that goes beyond providing facts.

A

Opinions

26
Q

It is a judgment based on certain facts

A

A conclusion

27
Q

These are propositions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful.

A

Facts

28
Q

These are statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.

A

Beliefs

29
Q

These are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is true

A

Explanations

30
Q

A statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true. This means that this can be proven by verification.

A

Claim

31
Q

These are series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful

A

Arguments

32
Q

It is disproportionate weight in favor of or against the idea or thing, usually in a way that is close-minded and prejudicial.

A

Bias

33
Q

It is an organized body of knowledge, and the subject matter of this questions.

A

Philosophy

34
Q

Three major characteristics of Philosophy

A

Philosophical questions have answers, but the answers remain disputed.
Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith.
Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beingss.

35
Q

It is the status of being a person

A

Personhood

36
Q

It is the general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind regarded as shared by all humans.

A

Human Nature

37
Q

It is fundamentally a creature of God and not a casual product of blind and arbitrary matter or the construction of social engineers.

A

Human Person

37
Q

It is fundamentally a creature of God and not a casual product of blind and arbitrary matter or the construction of social engineers.

A

Human Person

38
Q

What are the different traits of a person?

A

Self-Awareness
Self-Determination
Externality
Dignity
Free will

39
Q

It refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions.

A

Self-Awareness

40
Q

It refers to the capability of a person to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriented and self-directed

A

Self-determination

41
Q

It refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world.

A

Externality

42
Q

It refers to the innate right to be valued and respected.

A

Dignity

43
Q

It enables us to do actions whenever we want to and makes self-determination possible. It is the capacity to choose a course of action from various alternatives

A

Free will

44
Q

It is the ability to change, be dynamic, and continually, redefining, one’s self that works with our facticity to create change

A

Transcendence

45
Q

It refers to the things in our life that are already given

A

Facticity

46
Q

As temporal beings, our most obvious limitation is our finitude

A

Spatial-Temporal Being

47
Q

It refers to our finite quality or state

A

Finitude

48
Q

It is an individual human or and adult male human. It is belonging to a particular category usually used in combination.

A

Man

49
Q

An adjective relating to or characteristic of people or human beings.

A

Human

50
Q

A noun that means a human being, especially a person as distinguished from an animal or (in science in fiction) an alien

A

Human

51
Q

A man, human, or child of the species Homo Sapiens is distinguished from other animals by superior mental development, power of articulate speech, and upright stance.

A

Human Being

52
Q

What are the limitations of a human person?

A

Human persons do not have the natural ability to fly.
Human persons cannot breathe underwater without the aid of breathing advice.

Philosophy (5 decks)

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