METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING Flashcards
It is to think or express oneself in a rational and logical manner.
Philosophizing
In blank, truth is based on the person’s consciousness; while in blank, truth is based on exercising choices and personal freedom
Phenomenology & Existentialism
In blank, it is accepted that truth is not absolute; and in blank, truth is based on reasoning and critical thinking.
Postmodernism & Logic
He founded phenomenology , which is essentially a philosophical method.
Edward Husserl
It focuses on careful inspection and description of phenomena or appearances defined as any object of conscious experience.
Phenomenology
The word “phenomenon” comes directly from Greek word meaning “appearance.”
φαινόμενον, phainómenon
What are the two types of reasoning
Deductive and Inductive
It it based from observations in order to make generalizations. This means from many specific examples and instances, a person can make a general guess.
Inductive Reasoning
It draws conclusion from usually one broad judgement or definition and one more specific assertion, often an inference.
Deductive Reasoning
It is a defect in an argument other than its having false premises. To detect it, it is required to examine the argument’s content.
Fallacies
What are the 11 types of fallacies
Appeal to pity
Appeal to ignorance
Equivocation
Composition
Division
Against the person
Appeal to force
Appeal to the people
False Cause
Hasty Generalization
Begging the question
It is a specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his/her opponent’s feelings of pity or guilt.
Appeal to pity
An appeal that whatever has not been proven false must be true and vice versa
Appeal to Ignorance
It is a logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times but giving the particular word a different meaning each time.
Equivocation
It infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole. The reverse of this fallacy is division.
Composition
In this type of fallacy one reasons logically that something true of a thing must also be true of all or some of its parts.
Division
This fallacy attempts to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic or belief of a person advocating the premise.
Against the person
An argument where force, coercion, or the threat of force is given as justification for a conclusion
Appeal to force
An argument that appeals to or exploits people’s vanities, desire for esteem, and anchors on popularity
Appeal to people
Since that event followed this one, that event must have been caused by this one. Also referred to as coincidental correlation or correlation not causation.
False Cause
A type of fallacy is when one commits errors if one reaches an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence.
Hasty Generalizations
A type of fallacy in which the proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly or explicitly in the premise.
Begging the question
It is a statement about the world or reality. It may or may not carry the truth.
Propositions
It is the clear awareness and understanding of something. It is the product of questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.
Knowledge
A statement that goes beyond providing facts.
Opinions
It is a judgment based on certain facts
A conclusion
These are propositions or statements which are observed to be real or truthful.
Facts
These are statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.
Beliefs
These are statements that assume the claim to be true and provide reasons why the statement is true
Explanations
A statement that is not evidently or immediately known to be true. This means that this can be proven by verification.
Claim
These are series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is truthful
Arguments
It is disproportionate weight in favor of or against the idea or thing, usually in a way that is close-minded and prejudicial.
Bias
It is an organized body of knowledge, and the subject matter of this questions.
Philosophy
Three major characteristics of Philosophy
Philosophical questions have answers, but the answers remain disputed.
Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, common sense, or faith.
Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest to human beingss.
It is the status of being a person
Personhood
It is the general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind regarded as shared by all humans.
Human Nature
It is fundamentally a creature of God and not a casual product of blind and arbitrary matter or the construction of social engineers.
Human Person
It is fundamentally a creature of God and not a casual product of blind and arbitrary matter or the construction of social engineers.
Human Person
What are the different traits of a person?
Self-Awareness
Self-Determination
Externality
Dignity
Free will
It refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions, identity, and actions.
Self-Awareness
It refers to the capability of a person to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be goal-oriented and self-directed
Self-determination
It refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world.
Externality
It refers to the innate right to be valued and respected.
Dignity
It enables us to do actions whenever we want to and makes self-determination possible. It is the capacity to choose a course of action from various alternatives
Free will
It is the ability to change, be dynamic, and continually, redefining, one’s self that works with our facticity to create change
Transcendence
It refers to the things in our life that are already given
Facticity
As temporal beings, our most obvious limitation is our finitude
Spatial-Temporal Being
It refers to our finite quality or state
Finitude
It is an individual human or and adult male human. It is belonging to a particular category usually used in combination.
Man
An adjective relating to or characteristic of people or human beings.
Human
A noun that means a human being, especially a person as distinguished from an animal or (in science in fiction) an alien
Human
A man, human, or child of the species Homo Sapiens is distinguished from other animals by superior mental development, power of articulate speech, and upright stance.
Human Being
What are the limitations of a human person?
Human persons do not have the natural ability to fly.
Human persons cannot breathe underwater without the aid of breathing advice.
