Review Typical Development Flashcards
What should be understood before atypical development?
Typical development
Every child will slightly deviate from the norm
What are developmental domains?
Areas of developmental study divided into distinct categories
How many general domains does development consist of?
4 general domains:
* Motor development
* Speech development
* Social-emotional development
* Cognitive development
What is fine-motor development?
Coordination of small muscle movements
What is gross-motor development?
Movements of the large muscles of the body
Define receptive speech development.
Comprehension of language – listening & understanding
Define expressive speech development.
Expression of thoughts or feelings – verbal or written
What does social-emotional development involve?
Building emotional connections & relationships, developing personality
What is cognitive development focused on?
Problem-solving skills & abilities
What are the two patterns of progression in development?
- Cephalocaudal (from head to tail)
- Proximal Distal (center of the body outward)
What is the difference between process-oriented and product-oriented development?
- Process oriented – emphasis on the movement
- Product oriented – emphasis on the product
What are developmental milestones?
An easy/quick evaluation of development that varies from child to child
What are infant reflexes?
Involuntary, stereotyped movements in response to particular stimuli
What role do infant reflexes play in development?
Necessary for survival/protection and helpful in diagnosing conditions
What are primitive reflexes?
Basic reflexes that include:
* Palmar Grasp
* Sucking
* Search
* Moro
* Startle
* Babinski
* Asymmetric Tonic Neck
* Symmetric Tonic Neck
* Plantar Grasp
What is the duration of the palmar grasp reflex?
5 months gestation - 4 months postpartum
What does the sucking reflex involve?
Touch of lips triggers a sucking action, lasting from in utero to 3 months postpartum
What is the stimulus and response of the search reflex?
S: touch cheek; R: head moves toward stimuli
What does the Moro reflex indicate if lacking?
May signify CNS dysfunction
What is the duration of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex?
After birth – 3 months
List examples of postural reflexes.
- Stepping
- Crawling
- Swimming
- Head & Body Righting
- Parachuting
- Labyrinthine
- Pull Up
What is the duration of the stepping reflex?
After birth – 5-6 months
What does the crawling reflex involve?
S: Prone position on surface, stroke alternate feet; R: Legs & arms move in crawling action
What are the developmental periods in human growth?
- Prenatal
- Postnatal
- Neonatal
- Infancy
- Toddlerhood
- Early Childhood
- Middle Childhood
- Late Childhood
- Adolescence
What is the average birth weight during the neonatal period?
7-7.5 lbs.
What is the typical growth during infancy?
1 month - 1 yr, 13% increase in weight (~1 lb), 5% increase in length (~1 inch)
Define toddlerhood.
Part of early-childhood development phase, ages one to two years
What is the average growth during early childhood?
Grow 2-2.5 inches a year, gain 5 lbs a year
What physical activity recommendations are made for late childhood?
- 60 minutes a day of physical activity
- Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at least 3 days a week
- Muscle-strengthening activities at least 3 days a week
- Bone-strengthening activities at least 3 days a week
- Less than 2 hours a day of screen time
What is TGMD-3?
The Test of Gross Motor Development–Third Edition, a norm-referenced test to identify children with gross motor deficits
