Review Topnatch 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Succinate thiokinase
A
GTP
2
Q
A ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
A
NADH, CO2
3
Q
Malate dehydrogenase
A
NADH
4
Q
Aonitase
A
Nine
5
Q
Succinate dehydrogenase
A
FADH2
6
Q
ETC
Entry point for NADH
A
Complex 1
7
Q
ETC
Entry point for FADH2
A
Complex 2
8
Q
ETC
Generation of proton gradient
A
Complex 1,3,4
9
Q
ETC
ATP production by oxidative phisphorylation
A
Complex 5
10
Q
Cimplex 1 inhibitor
A
Amytal
11
Q
Uncoupler
A
Aspirin
12
Q
Direct inhibiyion ATP synthesis
A
Oligomycin
13
Q
Omplex 4 inhibitor
A
Carbon monoxide
14
Q
Omplex 3 inhibitor
A
Dimercaprol
15
Q
Gluconeogenesis function
A
Generates new glucose molecules
16
Q
Gluconeogenesis location
A
Cytoplasm 90% liver, 10% kidney
17
Q
Gluconeogenesis reactants
A
Pyruvates
18
Q
Gluconeogenesis products
A
Glucose
19
Q
Gluconeogenesis rate limiting step
A
Fructose 1-6 bisphosphatase
20
Q
Creates 1-4 linkages and elongates the glycogen chains
A
Glycogen synthesis
21
Q
Trnasfers 5-8 glucosyl residues and creates1-6 linkages
A
Branching enzyme
22
Q
Cleaves a 1-4 and a 1-6 bond to produce free glucose
A
Debranching enzyme
23
Q
Cleaves a1-4 bonds to produce glucose 1P
A
Glycogen phophorylase
24
Q
Glycogenesis function
A
Generates new glycogen molecules
25
Glycogenesis location
Cytoplasm, liver and muscle
26
Glycogenesis reactants
UDP glucose
27
Glycogenesis products
Glycogen
28
Glycogenesis rate limiting step
Elongation of glycogen formation a 1-4 glyosiic bond via
| Glycogen synthase
29
Glycogenolysis function
Breaks down glycogen to form new glucose
30
Glycogenolysis location
Cytoplasm, liver and muscle
31
Glycogenolysis reactants
Glyogen
32
Glycogenolysis products
Glucose 1 phosphate and free glucose
33
Glycogenolysis rate limiting step
Glycogen phophorylase
34
Glycogenolysis stimulating hormone
Glucagon
| Epinephrine
35
Glycogenolysis type of metabolism
Catabolic
36
Glycogenesis type of metabolism
Anabolic
37
Glycogenesis stimulating hormone
Insulin
38
Pentose phosphate pathway function
Generates NADH and ribose
39
Pentose phosphate pathway location
Cytoplasm in liver, RBC, lactating mammares, adrenals
40
Pentose phosphate pathway reactants
G6P
41
Pentose phosphate pathway products
NADPH, ribose 5 p
42
Pentose phosphate pathway rate limiting step
G6PD
43
Isocitrate to a ketoglutarate
| Pyruvate to acetyl Coa
NAD
44
FAD
Pyruvate to acetyl COA
| Succinate to fumarate
45
NADH
Pyruvate to lactate
46
NADAPH
Acetyl CoA palmiatate
47
Flatulence, cramps, and diarrhea after ingestion of dairy products
Lactose intolerance
48
Severe fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, elevated glycogen in liver
Von gierke disease
| G6pD deficiency
49
Hepatomegaly, milder form of vongierke disease
Cori disease
50
Myoglobinuria with strenous exercise
Mc ardle syndrome
| Skeletal muscle, glycogen phosphorylase deficiency
51
Leads to hemolytic anemia due topoor RBC defense against oxidizing agents
G6PD deficiency
52
Galactosemia, galatosuria, cataract in early childhood
Galactokinase def
53
Benign fructosuria
Fructokinase deificiency
54
Fructosuria, severemhypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, liver damage, jaundice
Fructose intolerance
55
Long chain of carboxylic acid with no double bond
Saturated FA
56
Long chain of carboxylic acid with one double bond
Unsaturated FA
57
Long chain of carboxyliv acid with two or more double bonds
PUFA
58
Fatty acids associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis
Trans FA
| Saturated FA
59
Essential fatty acids
Linoleic acid
60
Immediate precursor of prostaglandins
Arachidonic acid
61
End product of fatty acid synthesis
Palmitic acid
62
2 primary bile acids
Cholic acid
| Chenodeoxycolic acid
63
2 molecules conjugated to bile acids to convert them to bile salts
Taurine
| Glycine
64
2 secondary bile acids
Deoxyholic acid
| Lithocolic
65
Clinical manifestation of lipid malabsorption
Steatorhea
66
Spherical macromoleular complexes composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a shell of amphipathic lipoproteins
Lipoproteins
67
Protein moeity of lipoproteins
Apoproteins
68
Transport dietary triglyceride and cholesterol from intestine to tissues
Chylomicrons
69
Transport triglyceride from liver to tissues
VLDL
70
Delivers cholesterol into cells
LDL
71
Reverse cholesterol transport
HDL
72
Shuttles apo C II and apo E in the blood
HDL
73
Mediates chylomicron
Apo B48
74
Activates lipoprotein lipase
Apo C II
75
Mediates uptake of chylomicron remnant
Apo E
76
Binds to LDL recptor and mediates VLDL secretion
Apo B 100
77
Activates LCAT to produce cholesteryl esters in HDL
Apo A1
78
Degradation of TAG stored in adipocytrs
Hormone sensitive lipase
79
Degradation of dietary TAG in small intestine
Pancreatic lipase
80
Degradation of TAG circulating in chylomicrons and TAGs
Lipoprotein lipase
81
Degradation of TAG remaining in LDL
Hepatic tag lipase
82
Major component of lung surfactant
Dipalmitoylphosphatidyl
83
Only glycerophospholipid that is antigenic
Cardiolipin
84
Reservoir fro arachidonic acid in the memebranes and precursor for IP3 and DAG
Phosphatidyl inositol
85
Important constituent of myelin
Sphingomyelin
86
Fatty acid synthesis function
Generates palmitate
87
Fatty acid synthesis location
Cyoplasm and mitochondria in lver and lactating mammaries
88
Fatty acid synthesis reactants
Acetyl oa, malonyl CoA
89
Fatty acid synthesis products
Palmitate
90
Fatty acid synthesis rate limiting step
Acetyl OA to malonyl CoA via acetyl CoA carboxylase
91
Beta oxidation function
Generates acetyl CoA fom the ends of plmitate
92
Beta oxidation location
Mito, all cells except beurons, rbc, testes, renal medulla
93
Beta oxidation reactants
Palmitate
94
Beta oxidation poducts
Acetyl OA, NADH, FADH2, GTP
95
Beta oxidation rate limiting step
Carnitine acyltransferase
96
Beta oxidation type of metabolism
Catabolic
97
Beta oxidation hormonal state
Decrease insulin, increase glucagon
98
Beta oxidation order of reaction
Hot
99
Fatty acid synthesis tpe of metabolism
Anabolic
100
Fatty acid synthesis order of reaction
CRDR
101
Fatty acid synthesis hormonal state
Increase insulin, decrease glucagon
102
TCA mnemonics
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