Review Stuff

Question 1

• What is a transposon?
• Insertion sequence?
• Composite transposons?
• Conjugative transposons?
• alpha hemolysin toxin?
• Diptheria toxin how?
• Gs?
• GI?
• Entero: GC? AC?
• 4 ways to get strep and toxin?

Answer 1

• Segment of DNA that can be enzymatically moved
• Transposon that can be placed
• 2 IS’s with part of toxin in between
• Mediate own conjugation
• Staph aureus
• ADP ribosylate EF-2; endocytosed
• Cholera
• Pertussis
• Stable; labile
  1. ) Staph = preformed toxin 2.) C diff = toxin A and B 3.) C. derf. = enterotoxin in vivo 4.) ETEC = heat labile/stable toxin

Question 2

• NSBL’s? Species? Resistance?
• ESBL’s? Species? Resistance?
• BSBL’s? Species? Resistance?
• Carbs? Species? Resistance?

Answer 2

• Staph = bla (all plasmid); E. Coli = TEM1 (some plasmid); Kleb pneu = SHV-1 (chrom) –> amp/pen
• E coli/ klebs = All pens / cephs
• ampC chromosome; enterobacter/pseudonomas; C = cephs/pens; I = amp
• NDM1/KPC plasmids; Kleb pneu and e.coli

Question 3

• Altered PBP’s? Species? Resistance?
• Macrolide Resistance? Species? Resistance?
• Vancomycin Resistance? Species?
• Quinolone: Species?

Answer 3

• staph = mecA PBP2a common, strep pneu = PBP2x mosaic (transformation), e faecium = PBP5 on most
• efflux = - d test; macs only; methylase = erm = + d test = macs and clinda; staph and strep
• vanA plasmid = staph and e faecium; VISA on staph
• QRDR mutations leading to gyrA/parC mutations

Question 4

Resistance Mechanisms:

1. ) Staph Aeureus?
2. ) CNS?
3. ) Strep pneumo?
4. ) Viridians strep?
5. ) C. diff?
6. ) Pseudonomas?
7. ) B. fragilis?
8. ) Strep pyrogenes?
9. ) N. gonnorrhea?
10. ) Mycoplasma?
11. ) Chlamydia?

Answer 4

1. ) Coagulase and fibrin
2. ) glycocalyx
3. ) Antiphag capsule (vaccine)
4. ) Dextrans to heart valve
5. ) Rho family/cytotoxins
6. ) Instrinsic resistance with pumps
7. ) Abdomnal anaerobe infections
8. ) M protein
9. ) pili
10. ) no cell wall
11. ) obligate intracellular