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Disease and Defense Unit 2 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin V:

  • Class? Subclass?
  • M of A?
  • Excretion?
  • Taken via?
  • Spectrum? (4) Examples?
  • Adverse reactions?
A
  • Penicillins; prototype
  • c.w. synthesis stage 3 bactericidal
  • renal
  • mouth mostly
    Cocci: gram + = Staph/strep/ entero
    Cocci: gram - = Neisseria, M. catarrhalis
    Rods: gram +
    Anearobes: most but not bacteroides
  • type 1 anaphalaxis rarely; rash common
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2
Q

Amoxicillin + Clavulanate:

  • Class? Subclass?
  • M of A?
  • Taken how?
  • Spectrum? (2) Ex? Less than?
  • Adverse reactions?
  • Point of clavulanate?
A
  • Penicillins; extended spectrum
  • c.w. synthesis stage 3 bactericidal
  • oral
  • Gram - rods: H flu, E. Coli
  • Gram + cocci (less than pen v/g):
  • Superinfection, diarrhea
  • B lactamase inhibitor
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3
Q

Dicloxacillin:

  • Class? Subclass?
  • M of A?
  • Taken how?
  • Spectrum? Not?
A
  • Penicillins; penicillanase- resistant
  • c.w. synthesis stage 3 bactericidal
  • good oral
  • Penicillinase producing S. aeurus, skin infections, not MRSA
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4
Q
  • Piperacillin + Tazobactam
  • Class?
  • M of A?
  • Taken how?
  • Spectrum? (2)
A
  • Penicillons; antipseudonomal
  • c.w. synthesis stage 3 bactericidal
  • IV only
  • Pseudonomas, bacteriodes (and other anerobes)
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5
Q
  • Cephlaxin:
  • Class? Subclass?
  • Spectrum?
  • Susceptible to penicillinases?
  • Excretion?
  • M of A?
  • Taken via? (3)
  • Spectrum? (2)
A
  • Cephalasporins; 1st generation
  • c.w. synthesis inhibition stage 3 bactericidal
  • Extended
  • No
  • Renal
  • Oral, IV, IM
    Gram + Cocci
    Gram - Rods = diarrhea e coli, klebsella
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6
Q
  • Ceftriaxone:
  • Class? Subclass? Spectrum? Susceptible to p?
  • M of A?
  • Taken via? (2)
  • Spectrum? (3)
  • Adverse reactions?
A
  • Caphlasporins; 3rd generation; extended; no
  • c.w. synthesis inhibition stage 3 bactericidal
  • Oral; good CNS penetration
  • Gram - rods
  • Gram + cocci
  • Antipseudonomals
  • Superinfectopn
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7
Q
  • Vancomycin:
  • M of A?
  • Absorption?
  • Spectrum?
  • Spectrum? (2)
  • Must monitor what?
A
  • c.w. synthesis inhibition stage 2 bactericidal
  • poor oral
  • narrow
  • Gram + cocci = MRSA enterococci
  • anaerobes = c. difficile
  • Cp levels
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8
Q

Penicillin G:

  • Class? Subclass?
  • M of A?
  • Excretion?
  • Taken via?
  • Spectrum? (4) Examples?
  • Adverse reactions?
A
  • Penicillins; prototype
  • c.w. synthesis stage 3 bactericidal
  • renal
  • IM/IV
    Cocci: gram + = Staph/strep/ entero
    Cocci: gram - = Neisseria, M. catarrhalis
    Rods: gram +
    Anearobes: most but not bacteroides
  • type 1 anaphalaxis rarely; rash common
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9
Q

Ampicillin:

  • Class? Subclass?
  • M of A?
  • Taken how?
  • Spectrum? (2) Ex? Less than?
  • Adverse reactions?
A
  • Penicillins; extended spectrum
  • c.w. synthesis stage 3 bactericidal
  • oral
  • Gram - rods: H flu, E. Coli
  • Gram + cocci (less than pen v/g):
  • Superinfection, diarrhea
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10
Q

Clavulanic acid:

- Class? Subclass?

A
  • Penicillin; beta-lactamase inhibitor
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11
Q
  • Cefazolin:
  • Class? Subclass? Spectrum? Susceptible to p?
  • M of A?
  • Taken via? (3)
  • Spectrum? (2)
A
  • Caphlasporins; 1st generation; extended; no
  • c.w. synthesis inhibition stage 3 bactericidal
  • Oral, IV, IM
    Gram + Cocci
    Gram - Rods = diarrhea e coli, klebsella
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12
Q

Erythromycin:

  • Class?
  • M of A? Spectrum?
  • Taken via? Dose?
  • Metabolism?
  • Spectrum? (4)
  • Adverse reactions?
A
  • Macrolides
  • Protein synthesis inhibition of 50s bacteriostatic; extended spectrum
  • Oral; QID
  • Liver
  • Gram + Cocci
  • Gram + Rods
  • Some Gram - bacilli
  • Atypical = mycoplasma/chlamydia
  • GI upset; DD interactions via inhibit P450
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13
Q

Azithromycin:

  • Class?
  • M of A? Spectrum?
  • Taken via? Dose?
  • Metabolism?
  • Spectrum? (4)
  • Adverse reactions?
A
  • Macrolides
  • Protein synthesis inhibition of 50s bacteriostatic; extended spectrum
  • Oral; QD
  • Biliary
  • Gram + Cocci
  • Gram + Rods
  • Some Gram - bacilli
  • Atypical = mycoplasma/chlamydia
  • GI upset
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14
Q

Clarithromycin:

  • Class?
  • M of A? Spectrum?
  • Taken via? Dose?
  • Metabolism?
  • Spectrum? (4)
  • Adverse reactions?
A
  • Macrolides
  • Protein synthesis inhibition of 50s bacteriostatic; extended spectrum
  • Oral; BID
  • MEtabolsim of active metabolite
  • Gram + Cocci
  • Gram + Rods
  • Some Gram - bacilli
  • Atypical = mycoplasma/chlamydia
  • GI upset; DD interactions via inhibit P450
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15
Q

Tetracycline:

  • Class? Spectrum?
  • Mechanism of action?
  • Taken via?
  • Metabolism?
  • Spectrum? (3)
  • Adverse: Abnormal? Avoid in? DD with? Superinfection?
A
  • Tetracyclines; broad spectrum
  • Protein synthesis inhibitors of 30s bacteriostatic
  • Oral
  • Renal
  • Many gram +/- organisms now resistant
  • CA-MRSA
  • Atypical = mycoplasma/chlamydia
  • Bone/tooth development; pregnant/young; metal cations (antaacids/milk/iron); fungal
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16
Q

Doxycycline:

  • Class? Spectrum?
  • Mechanism of action?
  • Taken via?
  • Metabolism?
  • Spectrum? (3)
  • Adverse: Abnormal? Avoid in? DD with? Superinfection?
A
  • Tetracyclines; broad spectrum
  • Protein synthesis inhibitors of 30s bacteriostatic
  • Oral
  • Biliary
  • Many gram +/- organisms now resistant
  • CA-MRSA
  • Atypical = mycoplasma/chlamydia
  • Bone/tooth development; pregnant/young; metal cations (antaacids/milk/iron); fungal
17
Q

Clindamycin:

  • Class? Spectrum?
  • Mechanism of action?
  • Taken via? (2)
  • Penetrates? Metabolism/elimination?
  • Spectrum? (3)
  • Adverse reactions? (2)
A
  • Lincomycins; narrow
  • Protein synthesis inhib. (50s) bacteriostatic
  • oral/IV
  • Bone; hepatobiliary
  • Gram + cocci
  • Anerobes (not C diff), acne
  • CA-MRSA
  • Severe diarrhea, psuedomembranous colitis
18
Q

Aminoglycoside:

  • Spectrum?
  • Mechanism of action?
  • Taken via? (2)
  • Distributes to? (3) Metabolism/elimination?
  • Spectrum? (1)
  • Adverse reactions? (2) Must monitor?
A
  • Narrow
  • Protein synthesis inhib. (30s) BACTERIOCIDAL
  • IV/IM
  • ECF, kidney, inner ear; renal
  • Gram - aerobes (E coli, pseudonomas)
  • Vestibular/auditory, nephrotoxicity; Cp levels
19
Q

Ciprofloacin:

  • Class of drug? Spectrum?
  • M of A?
  • Taken via? Excretion?
  • Respiratory action?
  • Spectrum? (3)
  • AR? (4)
  • Not first choice in?
A
  • Fluoroquinolones; extended
  • Inhibition of DNA gyrase and topo 4
  • Oral; renal
  • No
  • Excellent gram - (pseudonomas, UTI’s)
  • DDI with antiacids, some CNS stuff, QT, and superinfection
  • Children
20
Q

Levofloxacin:

  • Class of drug? Spectrum?
  • M of A?
  • Taken via? Excretion?
  • Respiratory action?
  • Spectrum? (3)
  • AR? (3)
  • Not first choice in?
A
  • Fluoroquinolones; extended
  • Inhibition of DNA gyrase and topo 4
  • Oral; renal
  • yes
  • Excellent gram + and gram - (respiratory, UTI’s)
  • DDI with antiacids, some CNS stuff, QT, and superinfection
  • Children
21
Q

Monifloxacin:

  • Class of drug? Spectrum?
  • M of A?
  • Taken via? Excretion?
  • Respiratory action?
  • Spectrum? (3)
  • AR? (3)
  • Not first choice in?
A
  • Fluoroquinolones; extended
  • Inhibition of DNA gyrase and topo 4
  • Oral; mostly hepatic
  • yes
  • Excellent gram + and gram - (respiratory, anaerobes, atypical)
  • DDI with antiacids, some CNS stuff, QT, and superinfection
  • Children
22
Q

Nitrofurantoin:

  • M of A?
  • Absorption? Excretion?
  • Acts well as?
  • Spectrum?
  • AR?
A
  • Inhibition of DNA gyrase bactericidal
  • Rapid oral; rapid renal
  • UT antiseptic
  • UTI’s, E. coli
  • GI side effects
23
Q

Metronidazole:

  • M of A?
  • Absorption? Excretion?
  • Spectrum?
  • AR’s?
A
  • Inhibition of DNA gyrase bactericidal
  • Oral; Hepatic
  • Anaerobic (C. Diff.); protozoa
  • nausea, headache, occasional candidal superinfections

Disease and Defense Unit 2 (7 decks)

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