Review Slides Part 2 Flashcards
3 recognized microenvironmental hallmarks of solid tumors are _________, _________, and _________.
high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP)
low oxygen tension or hypoxia
low pHe
Causes of resistance to chemo include _________, _________, and ________.
elevated IFP
tumor hypoxia
low pHe
Vascular system of normal tissues are regulated by _________ and _________ molecules to ensure efficient and orderly network of blood vessels.
proangiogenic
anti-angiogenic
Normal cells have a network of lymphatics to ___________ from the interstitium.
drain fluid and cellular byproducts
Tumor vessels have incomplete ___________ and lack a layer of _______ or intact _________, making them more permable than normal tissue vessels.
endothelial lining
pericytes
basement membrane
Tumors have __________ of lymphatics.
complete lack
Due to porous tumor vasculature and lack of lymphatics there is _________ of vascular fluid contents in the tumor and ___________ IFP.
accumulation
elevated
Normal interstitial pressure is __________, normal transcapillary pressure is _________, tumor IFP can be up to _________.
atmospheric
1-3 mmHg
100 mmHg
Three factors that elevate the IFP within the tumor are ___________ function of tumor blood vessels/lymphatics, _________ that draw solutes ________ tissue, and ___________ characteristics of tumor stroma.
diminished
osmotic forces
into
contractile
Oxygen tension and pHe are ___________. Tumor IFP is ___________ through center of the tumor and ___________ at extreme periphery.
heterogenous
uniform
slightly negative
Impaired _________ causes reduced oxygen delivery.
blood flow
Normal tissue pO2 ranges between __________ whereas tumors contain regions of pO2 ___________.
10-80 mmHg
< 5 mmHg
The chronically hypoxic areas of tumors is because tumor cells __________ from nearest vessel.
too far away
Impaired clearance of products of metabolism by tumor vasculature causes ____________.
low pHe
