Review Sheet - Midterm - Spring Flashcards
Indian Revolt:
1857.
In India.
- It was made by the “sepoy mutiny.”
- At this time India was under the control of Great Britain. The sepoy were Indian natives armed and trained by Great Britain to watch over the citizens of India. ->
- The sepoys were given new guns that were greased with pork and cow grease. The sepoys had to consume this grease in order to load the gun properly. Pigs and cows are both sacred animals to certain popular religions in India. So when the sepoys found out they had consumed the grease they were outraged. They revolted and were thrown in jail.
- Great Britain put down the rebellion brutally, sending a message to the citizens by hanging people on trees and by burning villages. This caused more Great Britain control in India.
Sitting Bull:
(1831-1890)
America.
- Sitting Bull was the tribal chief of the Native Americans.
- Sitting Bull took up arms against the white man, refusing to be transported to the Indian Territory.
- Under his leadership as a war chief, the tribes united in their struggle for survival on the northern plains.
Absolutism:
(1610-1789)
In Europe.
Changed nature of government in European imperial states. It’s divined the right of kings, removed intermediaries and the kings took direct control over all resources and the population. No self-ruling corporate structures.
Enlightenment:
17th-18th century.
Western Europe.
- The Enlightenment was a time of new political, scientific, social and economic concepts.
- Many Enlightenment thinkers were focused on individual rights and liberties and the use of reason.
- The major enlightenment-thinkers don’t believe in absolutism.
- Other enlightenment ideas were the separation of powers in government and the rights of the people to oust a government that is not properly protecting their liberties.
- Enlightenment thought lead to middle-class revolutions in many areas of the world.
Napoleon Bonaparte:
(1769-1821):
France.
- Napoléon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and its associated wars.
- As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of France from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European affairs for nearly two decades while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
- He won the large majority of his battles and seized control of most of continental Europe before his ultimate defeat in 1815.
Defense Modernization:
All over the world.
- Defensive Modernization is basically the modernizing and upgrading of a countries military defense to internal and external threats.
- Military reforms, raising money, infrastructural improvements, centralization of administration and state power and attempts at industrialization.
- It is a common fear that most countries that show interest in defensive modernization are arming or equipping themselves for conflict/war motives. It could also be mainly for a natural need of shielding a peaceful development.
Imperialism (The term imperialism has been applied to Western political and economic dominance in the 19th and 20th centuries):
Imperialism: a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
- Imperialism democratized the old autocratic princely states and made life easier for merchants, by deregulating (liberalize) trade barriers.
- The shift from a Market Place Economy to a Free Market Economy.
- Strengthened the thought of Nationalism even more.
- Created a Eurocentric view.
- New socioeconomic classes, tied to the imperialist’s rule and system, were created. Agrarian related title’s were replaces with works such as loan sharks, petty businessmen etc.
- Imperialism exposes mother countries to raw materials that they may not have in their own countries. It also gives the mother countries access to cheap labor force.
- Imperialism help ease over-population and was seen as mutually beneficial for the colonizer and colony.
- The Spread of Ideas
- The Disregards of Culture (Sepoy Mutiny, Treaty of Nanjing)
- The Concentration of Wealth
White Man’s Burden:
(A poem published 1899 in England):
- White Man’s Burden (A poem published 1899 in England):
- White have an obligation to rule over, encourage cultural development of people from ‘’non-white-cultures’’ until they can take their place in the world economically and socially.
It can be interpreted as racist. They viewed themselves as superior. - The rich (whites) have moral duty to the poor (coloureds).
Tokugawa Shogunate:
(1603-1867)
- The Tokugawa Shogunate was the last feudal military government in Japan.
- It was dominated by a warrior class called Samurais.
- The Tokugawa Shogunate had monopoly on the foreign trade and affairs.
- The Samurai’s, who were second in the hierarchy after the lords, collected tax revenue from the peasants on a local level.
- It ended with Matthew Perry’s arrival at 1857.
The Luddites:
(19th century)
- In England. Sherwood Forest.
- The Luddites were artisans, who held public opinion and armed and targeted private property to destroy machines which threatened to replace the skilled labor of the artisans.
- The Luddites fighted with the government a several times.
Some of them were killed.
The Haitian Revolution:
(1791-1804)
- Haiti.
- Based on slavery.
- Like the French Revolution it was the people in the bottom of the hierarchy who fought against the power.
- In France, they abolished slavery but not in the colonies so then the slaves fought the power.
- The Haitians got their independence.
Thomas Paine:
(18th century)
- English and American philosopher and political activist.
- Writer of the Agrarian Justice.
- Redistribution of land.
- Tax property owners in order to pay for the needs of the poor and less fortunate.
- He wanted a equal society. -> which in turns would..
.. prevent revolts.
Thomas Hobbes:
(17th century)
- England.
- People are evil.
- He believed in sovereign power. Without a sovereign, people’s power needs would take over a create chaos.
- Strict laws. Be afraid of the government.
ID: 17th Century Crisis
The 17th Century Crisis was a general period of social, economic and imperial crisis that spawned massive insurrections around the world. Each state’s reaction to these events directly affected their future place in the emerging Modern World System. Some causes of this crisis was the 16th century Price Revolution, the increase in imperial competition on Europeans states, the Protestant Reformation and the Wars of Religion and Rebellion. Europe’s individual response to this crisis was the Commercial Revolution, which allowed them to become the core countries in the merging world economy.
The Ghost Dance:
(1890).
Almost all over America.
- The Ghost Dance religion (or movement) was the Native Americans was an answer to the subjugation of Native Americans by the U.S. government.
- It was an attempt to revitalize traditional culture and to find a way to face increasing poverty, hunger, and disease, all representing the reservation life of the Native Americans in the late nineteenth century.
- The dance scared the white people. They dared the white people to arrest them.
