Review questions from slides - fat soluble vitamins

Question 1

True or false; a vitamin is a organic nutrient

Answer 1

true (only minerals are non-organic)

Question 2

Which hormone causes the gallbladder to contract

Answer 2

CCK

Question 3

True or false; a cantaloupe is a good source of pro-formed Vit A

Answer 3

true (plant sources)

Question 4

How much more pro-formed Vit A is required compared to pre-formed

Answer 4

12

Question 5

What is the most reduced form of Vit A called

Answer 5

Retinol

Question 6

What is the most oxidized form of Vit A called?

Answer 6

Retinoic acid

Question 7

What enzymes are required for vitamin A digestion

Answer 7

proteases and lipases

Question 8

What is the absorptive mechanism used for all fat soluble vitamins

Answer 8

passive diffusion

Question 9

The form of vitamin A transported in chylomicrons is called

Answer 9

retinol ester (RE)

Question 10

True or false; retinol ester (RE) is the storage form of Vit A

Answer 10

true

Question 11

What two things must you have for absorption of Vit A

Answer 11

zinc and protein

Question 12

What form of vitamin A is part of rhodopsin

Answer 12

retinal

Question 13

What is retinol’s function in the body

Answer 13

reproduction

Question 14

Does pre-formed vitamin A have antioxidant activity

Answer 14

no - only pro-formed carotenoids

Question 15

True or false; carotenoids (sources of vitamin A) act as antioxidants

Answer 15

true

Question 16

What is the primary cause of hypovitaminosis A

Answer 16

inadequate vitamin A intake

Question 17

What is the clinical sign or symptom of hyperkeratosis

Answer 17

Xerophtalmia (dry eyes caused by cells becoming keratotic instead of normal glandular)

Question 18

True or false; head aches and double vision are both symptoms of acute hypervitaminosis A while birth defects and joint pain are symptoms of chronic

Answer 18

true

Question 19

What is the precursor for endogenous Vit D

Answer 19

Cholesterol

Question 20

In what organ does Vit D3 become hydroxylated - becoming its active form Calcitriol

Answer 20

Kidney (Liver is the non-active home Calcidiol)

Question 21

Dietary vitamin D is transported via ______; while endogenous is transported via_______

Answer 21

Chylomicrons

Vitamin D binding protein

Question 22

How does vitamin D increase calcium absorption

Answer 22

induces synthesis of calcium binding protein

Question 23

True or false; canned tuna is a very good source of Vit D

Answer 23

true - even better than tuna steaks because there are ground bones in the canned version

Question 24

Do breastfed infants require vitamin D supplementation

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

What is the typical does of Vit D utilized for pregnant women, obese individuals or patients with renal disease

Answer 25

1000-2000 IU

Question 26

Who would be the only person to end up with Vitamin D toxicity

Answer 26

supplementation users

Question 27

True or false; joint pain is a common symptom associated with vitamin E deficiency

Answer 27

false

Question 28

What age population would you expect to experience hemolytic anemia from hypovitaminosis E

Answer 28

infants

Question 29

True or false; fatigue is a symptom of hypervitaminosis E

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Which fat-soluble vitamins require digestion prior to absorption

Answer 30

A and E

Question 31

Vitamin K is a coenzyme for the formation of what

Answer 31

carboxyglutamate

Question 32

True or false; hydroxyporline and hydroxylysine are both involved in the formation of collagen and are consequently dependent on Vit C

Answer 32

true

Question 33

Carboxyglutamates facilitate binding of ....

Answer 33

calcium

Question 34

Calcium bound carboxyglutamates are important for what 2 things

Answer 34

clotting and bone formation

Question 35

True or false; calcitriol and phylloquinone are both required for bone formation

Answer 35

true

Question 36

True or false; beta-cartene and alpha-tocopherol both act as antioxidants in vivo

Answer 36

true