Fat Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Retinol is important in what?

Answer 1

Reproduction

Question 2

Retinal is important in what?

Answer 2

Vision

Question 3

True or false; Retinoid acid functions in the immune system and cell differentiation

Answer 3

true

Question 4

What is the difference between pro-formed and pre-formed Vit A

Answer 4

Pro-formed: Plant sources

Pre-formed: Animal sources

Question 5

True or false; fish and dairy are examples of pre-formed Vit. A

Answer 5

true

Question 6

What digests pre-formed Vit A? What absorbs it?

Answer 6

Proteases and lipases

Micelles

Question 7

Vit A is stored in liver as retinol esters. What are the 2 kinds of RE?

Answer 7

L-RAT

A-RAT

Question 8

If Vit A gets sent to peripheral tissues for use what is required?

Answer 8

Protein and Zinc

Question 9

Pro-formed Vit A can be oxidized to retinoic acid, what is it then transported by?

Answer 9

Albumin

Question 10

True or false; carrots, spinach and tomatoes are examples of pre-formed Vit A

Answer 10

false; they’re all examples of pro-formed Vit A

Question 11

Night blindness, Xerophthalmia, bitos spots and decreased immune system & sperm production are all symptoms of what?

Answer 11

hypovitaminosis A

Question 12

True or false; issues with the eyes (night blindness, dry eyes, bitos spots) are all associated with too much Vit A

Answer 12

false; with too little Vit A

Question 13

Head ache, Diplopia, bone fracture, birth defects, and bone/joint pain are all associated with what?

Answer 13

Hypervitaminosis A

Question 14

How much fat is required digestion of fat soluble vitamins

Answer 14

5-10 grams (how much it takes for bile secretion by CCK)

Question 15

True or false; fat soluble vitamins cannot be stored in adipose tissue

Answer 15

false; they can and are

Question 16

Tocopherols and Tocotrienols are examples of what?

Answer 16

Vit E

Question 17

What are tocopherols and tocotrienols digested by? Transported by?

Answer 17

Lipases
Chylomicrons
(Vit E)

Question 18

Vit E acts as antioxidant; where is located?

Answer 18

Plasma membrane

Question 19

Alpha-tocopherol (Vit E) examples

Answer 19

almonds, and olive oil

Question 20

Gamma-tocopherol (Vit E) examples

Answer 20

Peanuts, corn oil, soy bean oil

Question 21

What is good source of tocotrienols

Answer 21

oats

Question 22

True or false; peripheral neuropathy is associated with lack of Vit D

Answer 22

false; is associated with lack of Vit E

Question 23

Myopathy (muscle weakness) and peripheral neuropathy are both symptoms of what?

Answer 23

hypovitaminosis E

Question 24

Increased bleeding and fatigue are associated with what?

Answer 24

hypervitaminosis E

Question 25

True or false; Vit K deficiency is a common problem in new borns

Answer 25

true

Question 26

True or false; Vit K is unique in the fat soluble vitamins because there is no toxicity associated with it like the rest

Answer 26

true

Question 27

True or false; malabsorption disorders and chronic use of antibiotics are associated with a deficiency in Vit K

Answer 27

true

Question 28

Which fat soluble vitamin functions in formation of carboxyglutamate

Answer 28

K

Question 29

What is carboxyglutamate required for? What vitamin is associated with carboxyglutamate?

Answer 29

Required in Ca+ binding | K

Question 30

True or false; there is an endogenous source of Vit K

Answer 30

True for Menaquinone (found in gut micro biome)

Question 31

What is difference between phylloquinone and menaquinone

Answer 31

``` Phylloquinone = plant sources Menaquinone = animal sources ```

Question 32

True or false; dark green leafy veggies and peanuts are examples of phylloquinone

Answer 32

true

Question 33

What is the RDA for Vit D

Answer 33

600IU

Question 34

D3 is made in skin from what?

Answer 34

cholesterol & UV-B

Question 35

What transports the D3 synthesized in skin from UV-B and cholesterol?

Answer 35

Vit D binding protein

Question 36

If ingested D3 (from animals) is absorbed where? What transports it?

Answer 36

micelles | chylomicrons

Question 37

What hydroxylates Vit D3?

Answer 37

CP 450

Question 38

What is the difference between calcidiol and calcitriol

Answer 38

Cacidiol: Non-active form, in Liver Calcitriol: Active form, in kidney

Question 39

If you wanted to see if a patient is deficient in Vit D; what would you test for Calcitriol or calcidiol

Answer 39

Calcidiol (non-active form) because calcitriol has a very short half life

Question 40

Which form of Vit D controls gene expression of calcium binding proteins

Answer 40

Calcitriol - decreases excretion of Ca+ in kidneys

Question 41

What are some causes of hypovitaminosis D

Answer 41

Obesity (fat stores it) Malabsorption Decreased skin synthesis (sunscreen, aging, melanin)

Question 42

True or false; breastfeeding and kidney/liver disease can be causes of hypovitaminosis D

Answer 42

true (breastfeeding mothers should be supplementing with Vit D)

Question 43

True or false; Lymphomas, sarcoidosis and TB are all contraindications for Vit D supplementation

Answer 43

true

Question 44

Can hypervitaminosis D cause calcification of tissues

Answer 44

yes