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Nutrition > Fat Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Fat Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Retinol is important in what?

A

Reproduction

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2
Q

Retinal is important in what?

A

Vision

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3
Q

True or false; Retinoid acid functions in the immune system and cell differentiation

A

true

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4
Q

What is the difference between pro-formed and pre-formed Vit A

A

Pro-formed: Plant sources

Pre-formed: Animal sources

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5
Q

True or false; fish and dairy are examples of pre-formed Vit. A

A

true

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6
Q

What digests pre-formed Vit A? What absorbs it?

A

Proteases and lipases

Micelles

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7
Q

Vit A is stored in liver as retinol esters. What are the 2 kinds of RE?

A

L-RAT

A-RAT

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8
Q

If Vit A gets sent to peripheral tissues for use what is required?

A

Protein and Zinc

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9
Q

Pro-formed Vit A can be oxidized to retinoic acid, what is it then transported by?

A

Albumin

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10
Q

True or false; carrots, spinach and tomatoes are examples of pre-formed Vit A

A

false; they’re all examples of pro-formed Vit A

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11
Q

Night blindness, Xerophthalmia, bitos spots and decreased immune system & sperm production are all symptoms of what?

A

hypovitaminosis A

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12
Q

True or false; issues with the eyes (night blindness, dry eyes, bitos spots) are all associated with too much Vit A

A

false; with too little Vit A

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13
Q

Head ache, Diplopia, bone fracture, birth defects, and bone/joint pain are all associated with what?

A

Hypervitaminosis A

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14
Q

How much fat is required digestion of fat soluble vitamins

A

5-10 grams (how much it takes for bile secretion by CCK)

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15
Q

True or false; fat soluble vitamins cannot be stored in adipose tissue

A

false; they can and are

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16
Q

Tocopherols and Tocotrienols are examples of what?

A

Vit E

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17
Q

What are tocopherols and tocotrienols digested by? Transported by?

A

Lipases
Chylomicrons
(Vit E)

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18
Q

Vit E acts as antioxidant; where is located?

A

Plasma membrane

19
Q

Alpha-tocopherol (Vit E) examples

A

almonds, and olive oil

20
Q

Gamma-tocopherol (Vit E) examples

A

Peanuts, corn oil, soy bean oil

21
Q

What is good source of tocotrienols

A

oats

22
Q

True or false; peripheral neuropathy is associated with lack of Vit D

A

false; is associated with lack of Vit E

23
Q

Myopathy (muscle weakness) and peripheral neuropathy are both symptoms of what?

A

hypovitaminosis E

24
Q

Increased bleeding and fatigue are associated with what?

A

hypervitaminosis E

25
Q

True or false; Vit K deficiency is a common problem in new borns

A

true

26
Q

True or false; Vit K is unique in the fat soluble vitamins because there is no toxicity associated with it like the rest

A

true

27
Q

True or false; malabsorption disorders and chronic use of antibiotics are associated with a deficiency in Vit K

A

true

28
Q

Which fat soluble vitamin functions in formation of carboxyglutamate

A

K

29
Q

What is carboxyglutamate required for? What vitamin is associated with carboxyglutamate?

A

Required in Ca+ binding

K

30
Q

True or false; there is an endogenous source of Vit K

A

True for Menaquinone (found in gut micro biome)

31
Q

What is difference between phylloquinone and menaquinone

A 
Phylloquinone = plant sources
Menaquinone = animal sources
32
Q

True or false; dark green leafy veggies and peanuts are examples of phylloquinone

A

true

33
Q

What is the RDA for Vit D

A

600IU

34
Q

D3 is made in skin from what?

A

cholesterol & UV-B

35
Q

What transports the D3 synthesized in skin from UV-B and cholesterol?

A

Vit D binding protein

36
Q

If ingested D3 (from animals) is absorbed where? What transports it?

A

micelles

chylomicrons

37
Q

What hydroxylates Vit D3?

A

CP 450

38
Q

What is the difference between calcidiol and calcitriol

A

Cacidiol: Non-active form, in Liver

Calcitriol: Active form, in kidney

39
Q

If you wanted to see if a patient is deficient in Vit D; what would you test for Calcitriol or calcidiol

A

Calcidiol (non-active form) because calcitriol has a very short half life

40
Q

Which form of Vit D controls gene expression of calcium binding proteins

A

Calcitriol - decreases excretion of Ca+ in kidneys

41
Q

What are some causes of hypovitaminosis D

A

Obesity (fat stores it)
Malabsorption
Decreased skin synthesis (sunscreen, aging, melanin)

42
Q

True or false; breastfeeding and kidney/liver disease can be causes of hypovitaminosis D

A

true (breastfeeding mothers should be supplementing with Vit D)

43
Q

True or false; Lymphomas, sarcoidosis and TB are all contraindications for Vit D supplementation

A

true

44
Q

Can hypervitaminosis D cause calcification of tissues

A

yes

Nutrition (4 decks)

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