Review Questions from Eric's Podcast Flashcards
infectious agents and carcinogenesis - what are some common infectious agents and what types of cancer do they cause?
bacteria: H. pylori -> gastric cancer
parasites: plasmodium (malaria) -> lymphoma
viruses: Hep B/C -> liver cancer; HPV -> cervical cancer
what is an example of promoting genes?
RAS
what is an example of inhibiting genes?
p53: guardian of the genome
what is an example of a gene that inhibits apoptosis?
survivin
descriptors of neoplasia based on cell of origin:
- adeno
- chondro
- lipo
- leiomyo
- fibro
- rhabdomyo
- glandular
- cartilagenous
- adipose
- smooth mucscle
- fibroblast
- skeletal muscle
what “-oma”s are actually malignant?
melanoma, lymphoma, mesothelioma, seminoma, colorectal adenoma
what is the suffix for malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tissue?
epithelial: “-carcinoma”
mesenchymal: “-sarcoma”
what is the cell origin for leukemia and lymphoma?
leukemia: leukocytes
lymphoma: lymphocytes
hemangioma
benign tumor/proliferation of blood cells
teratoma
from totipotent cells, multiple germ layers represnted, benign or malignant
hamartoma
multiple cell types native to a specific tissue represented, benign
choristoma
ectopic island of normal tissue in abnormal place, embryologic problem
desmoplasia
characteristic of a malignant neoplasm; is a fibrotic host response
ex: pancreatic cancer; intense stroma reaction
what is the most common site for prostate cancer metastasis?
vertebrae
paraneoplastic syndromes (2)
cushing syndrome (increased corticotropic hormone): small cell carcinoma of lung hypercalcemia: squamous cell carcinoma of lung
