Review Questions From Class Flashcards
Which of the following represents the communication pathway between the infratemporal fossa and the orbit?
a. Pterygomaxillary fissure
b. Inferior orbital fissure
c. Superior orbital fissure
d. Pterygopalatine fossa
b. Inferior orbital fissure
The chorda tympani carries branches of which of the following nerves inside the petrous portion of the temporal bone?
a. Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
b. Facial nerve
c. Glossopharyngeal nerve
d. Vagus nerve
b. Facial nerve
Taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue is carried by which of the following cranial nerves?
a. Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
b. Facial nerve
c. Glossopharyngeal nerve
d. Vagus nerve
c. Glossopharyngeal nerve
Which of the following is the major parasympathetic nerve to the thoracic and most abdominal organs?
a. Trigeminal nerve
b. Spinal accessory nerve
c. Vagus nerve
d. Hypoglossal nerve
c. Vagus nerve
Parasympathetic supply to the lacrimal gland is via which of the following nerves?
a. Trigeminal
b. Facial
c. Glossopharyngeal
d. Occulomotor
b. Facial
Which of the following extrinsic muscles of the eye abducts the eyeball?
a. Superior oblique
b. Medial rectus
c. Lateral rectus
d. Inferior oblique
c. Lateral rectus
Which cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
a. Vagus nerve
b. Hypoglossal nerve
c. Facial nerve
d. Glossopharyngeal nerve
d. Glossopharyngeal nerve
The inferior alveolar nerve passes through the mandibular canal and terminates as the mental nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?
a. Facial
b. Trigeminal
c. Hypoglossal
d. Glossopharyngeal
b. Trigeminal
All of the following muscles elevate the mandible EXCEPT?
a. Temporalis
b. Masseter
c. Lateral pterygoid
d. Medial pterygoid
c. Lateral pterygoid
The maxillary artery is divided into three parts with reference to its branching pattern. Which of the following structures is used to demarcate the three parts?
a. Lateral pterygoid muscle
b. Medial pterygoid muscle
c. Mandibular ramus and masseter muscle
d. Superior alveolar process and temporalis muscle
a. Lateral pterygoid muscle
Which of the following arteries branches from the third part of the maxillary artery?
a. Posterior superior alveolar
b. Buccal
c. Inferior alveolar
d. Middle meningeal
a. Posterior superior alveolar
The middle meningeal artery enters the cranial cavity via which of the following foramina?
a. Ovale
b. Rotundum
c. Spinosum
d. Lacerum
c. Spinosum
Proper chewing (mastication) requires that the mandible be moved from side to side and to be retracted and protracted. Which of the following muscles of mastication functions to retract the mandible?
a. Temporalis
b. Lateral pterygoid
c. Medial pterygoid
d. Temporalis
d. Temporalis
Which of the following ligaments extends from the base of the zygomatic process to the mandibular neck?
a. Temporomandibular
b. Stylomandibular
c. Sphenomandibular
d. Pterygopalatine
a. Temporomandibular
The anterior and middle superior alveolar arteries are direct branches of which of the following?
a. Second part of the maxillary artery
b. Mandibular artery
c. Infraorbital artery
d. Buccal artery
c. Infraorbital artery
Which of the following forms the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
a. TMJ and styloid process
b. Sphenoid bone
c. Maxilla
d. Zygomatic arch
c. Maxilla
Which of the following hypaxial muscles is attached to the hyoid bone but not part of the infrahyoid group?
a. Sternothyroid
b. Thyrohyoid
c. Geniohyoid
d. Omohyoid
c. Geniohyoid
The anterior belly of the digatric muscle is derived from the first pharyngeal arch and is innervated by which of the following nerves?
a. Facial
b. Trigemninal
c. Glossopharyngeal
d. Hypoglossal
b. Trigemninal
Which of the following muscles consists of two bellies, originating from the body of the hyoid and the superior border of the scapula?
a. Omohyoid
b. Digastric
c. Geniohyoid
d. Cervicohyoid
a. Omohyoid
Which of the following scalene muscles attaches the second rib?
a. Anterior
b. Middle
c. Posterior
d. All attach to the first rib
c. Posterior
Which of the following branches from the internal carotid artery supplies areas of the face?
a. Posterior auricular
b. Supraorbital
c. Occipital
d. Superficial temporal
b. Supraorbital
The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is derived from the second pharyngeal arch and is innervated by which of the following nerves?
a. Facial
b. Trigeminal
c. Glossopharyngeal
d. Hypoglossal
a. Facial
Almost all infrahyoid muscles are characterized by which of the following innervation patterns?
a. Hypoglossal nerve
b. Ansa cervicalis
c. C2
d. C2-C3
b. Ansa cervicalis
Which of the following muscles serves as the posterior border of the anterior cervical triangle?
a. Superior omohyoid
b. Anterior digastric
c. Sternocleidomastoid
d. Trapezius
c. Sternocleidomastoid
The nerve branch to the geniohyoid originate from C1 and runs partly with which of the following cranial nerves?
a. Glossopharyngeal
b. Hypoglossal
c. Vagus
d. Spinal accessory
b. Hypoglossal
Ventral rami from which of the following levels of the spinal cord make up the cervical plexus?
a. C1-C3
b. C1-C4
c. C1-C5
d. C2-C4
b. C1-C4
Which of the following infrahyoid muscles is NOT supplied through the ansa cervicalis?
a. Thyrohyoid
b. Sternothyroid
c. Sternohyoid
d. omohyoid
a. Thyrohyoid
Which of the following represent the spinal cord levels of origin for the phrenic nerve?
a. C1-4
b. C2-5
c. C3-5
d. C3-7
c. C3-5
Postganglionic fibers from which of the following region of the sympathetic trunk supply all the smooth muscles and glands of the head?
a. Superior sympathetic ganglion
b. Middle sympathetic ganglion
c. Inferior sympathetic ganglion
d. Stellate ganglion
a. Superior sympathetic ganglion
The cervical sympathetic trunk ascends on the anterior surface(s) of which of the following muscles?
a. Longus colli and capitis muscle
b. Sternocleidomastoid muscle
c. Anterior scalene
d. Rectus capitis superior and lateralis muscles
a. Longus colli and capitis muscle
Branches off the external carotid artery are grouped into terminal, anterior, posterior, or medial, depending on which direction they branch from the external carotid. Which of the following branches is a medial branch?
a. Facial
b. Maxillary
c. Ascending pharyngeal
d. Superior thyroid
c. Ascending pharyngeal
Which of the following descriptions best describes the location of the piriform fossae?
a. Lateral to the median glossoepiglottic fold
b. Inferior to the lateral glossoepiglottic fold
c. Between the tonsillar pillars
d. Posterior to the uvula
b. Inferior to the lateral glossoepiglottic fold
Which of the followings structures enters the pharynx by passing between the base of the cranium and the superior edge of the superior pharyngeal constrictor?
a. Stylopharyngeus muscle
b. Auditory tube
c. Glossopharyngeal nerve
d. Salpingopharyngeus muscle
b. Auditory tube
Which of the following represents the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity?
a. Infraglottic cavity
b. Rima glottidis
c. Rima vestibuli
d. Space between the vestibular folds
b. Rima glottidis
Between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors there is narrow gap. Which of the following structures passes through this gap?
a. Auditory nerve
b. Stylopharyngeus muscle
c. Palatopharyngeus muscle
d. Vagus nerve
b. Stylopharyngeus muscle
Almost all of the pharyngeal musculature is supplied by the vagus nerve. Which of the following muscles is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve?
a. Superior pharyngeal constrictor
b. Stylopharyngeus muscle
c. Salpingopharyngeus muscle
d. Palatopharyngeus muscle
b. Stylopharyngeus muscle
Two small cartilages posses two processes each, a muscular process and a vocal process. The vocal attachments of the two small cartilages are attached to the vocal ligaments. These cartilages are able to swivel by way of a ball-and-socket type of joint, allowing them to increase or decrease tension on the vocal ligaments. The ball-and-socket joints allow these cartilages to swivel on which of the following?
a. Arytenoid cartilages
b. Corniculate cartilages
c. Cricoid cartilage
d. Cuneiform cartilages
c. Cricoid cartilage
Blood supply to the larynx is through superior and inferior laryngeal arteries. These are direct branches of which of the following?
a. Inferior thyroid arteries
b. Middle branches of the maxillary arteries
c. Laryngeal branches of the external carotid artery
d. Pharyngeal branches of the external carotid artery
a. Inferior thyroid arteries
Which of the following BEST describes the location of the vallecular recesses?
a. Lateral to the median glossoepiglottic fold
b. Lateral to the lateral glossoepiglottic folds
c. Inferior to the lateral glossoepiglottic folds
d. Superior to the median glossoepiglottic folds
a. Lateral to the median glossoepiglottic fold
The aryepiglottic ligaments and the corniculate cartilages form boundaries for which of the following?
a. Rima glottides
b. Laryngeal inlet
c. Esophagus
d. Trachea
b. Laryngeal inlet
Which of the following cranial nerves supplies extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
a. Cranial nerve IX
b. Cranial nerve X
c. Cranial nerve XI
d. Cranial nerve XII
d. Cranial nerve XII
The spinal accessory nerve exits the cranial cavity though which of the following foramina?
a. Foramen Ovale
b. Foramen Spinosum
c. Foramen rotundum
d. Jugular foramen
d. Jugular foramen
Cranial nerves characterized by the special visceral motor modality supply which of the following?
a. Smooth muscles of the gut tract
b. Skeletal Muscles
c. Muscles derived from pharyngeal arches
d. Autonomic motor muscles
c. Muscles derived from pharyngeal arches
The superior oblique extrinsic muscle of the eye is innervated by which of the following cranial nerves?
a. Oculomotor
b. Trochlear
c. Abducens
d. Ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve V
b. Trochlear
Special visceral motor (SVM) modality supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle via which of the following cranial nerves?
a. Cranial nerve IX
b. Cranial nerve X
c. Cranial nerve XI
d. Cranial nerve XII
a. Cranial nerve IX
Which of the following extrinsic muscles of the eye is NOT supplied by the oculomotor nerve?
a. Lateral rectus
b. Inferior Oblique
c. Medial Rectus
d. Inferior Rectus
a. Lateral rectus
The innervation of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles would be described by which of the following modalities?
a. General visceral motor
b. General somatic motor
c. Special visceral motor
d. Special somatic motor
c. Special visceral motor
Parasympathetic fibers that control the shape of the lens and pupil are carried by which of the following nerves?
a. Ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
b. Oculomotor nerve
c. Facial nerve
d. Abducens nerve
b. Oculomotor nerve
Taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue is carried by which of the following cranial nerves?
a. Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
b. Facial nerve
c. Glossopharyngeal nerve
d. Vagus nerve
c. Glossopharyngeal nerve
Which of the following is the major parasympathetic nerve to thoracic and most abdominal organs?
a. Trigeminal nerve
b. Spinal accessory nerve
c. Vagus nerve
d. Hypoglossal nerve
c. Vagus nerve
Parasympathetic supply to the lacrimal gland is via which of the following nerves?
a. Trigeminal
b. Facial
c. Glossopharyngeal
d. Oculomotor
b. Facial
Which cranial nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid
gland?
a. Vagus nerve
b. Hypoglossal nerve
c. Facial nerve
d. Glossopharyngeal nerve
d. Glossopharyngeal nerve
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal exits the cranial cavity through
which of the following foramina?
a. Foramen Ovale
b. Foramne spinosum
c. Foramen Rotundum
d. Foramen lacerum
a. Foramen Ovale
Which of the following cranial nerves does NOT exit the cranial cavity through the superior orbital fissure?
a. Oculomotor nerve
b. Abducens nerve
c. Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
d. Trochlear nerve
c. Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
Cell bodies of sensory neurons carrying general sensory information from the dura of the middle and anterior cranial fossae, the external surface of the ear drum, and the anterior two-thirds of the tongue are located in which of the following ganglia?
a. Trigeminal
b. Geniculate
c. Superior salivatory nucleus
d. Inferior salivatory nucleus
b. Geniculate
The infraorbital, anterior superior alveolar, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, and posterior superior alveolar nerves are all branches of which of the following?
a. Ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
b. Facial nerve
c. Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
d. Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
c. Maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
The chorda tympani carries branches of the which of the following nerves inside the petrous portion of the temporal bone?
a. Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
b. Facial nerve
c. Glossopharyngeal nerve
d. Vagus nerve
b. Facial nerve
Cell bodies of the parasympatheitic preganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion (source of cell bodies of postganglionic fibers to the sphincter pupillae muscle) are located in which of the following?
a. Semilunar ganglion
b. Geniculate ganglion
c. Edinger-Westphal nucleus
d. Nucleus ambiguous
c. Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Olfactory fibers making up the olfactory nerves pass from the olfactory mucosa to the olfactory bulbs through which of the following?
a. Sphenoethmoidal recess
b. Cribriform plate
c. Optic canals
d. Lateral pterygoid foraminae
b. Cribriform plate
The origin of the axons that make up the optic nerve originate from which of the following?
a. Rod cells of the retina
b. Amacrine cells of the retina
c. Ganglion cells of the retina
d. Cone cells of the retina
c. Ganglion cells of the retina
The medullary rhythmicity center is located in the same area of the brain as the cardiac center and the vasomotor center. The pneumotaxic and apneustic centers are located in which of the following parts of the brain?
a. Pons
b. Medulla
c. Mesencephalon
d. Thalamus
a. Pons
Extensive bilateral lesions involving the mid-pons and the midbrain reticular formation are associated with which of the following conditions?
a. Consciousness but quadriplegic
b. Coma
c. Hypotonia
d. Unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities
b. Coma
Which of the following is the newest addition to the telencephalon in mammals?
a. Pallium
b. Mid-ventricular ridge
c. Neocortex
d. Paleocortex
c. Neocortex
Which of the following areas of the brain stem is thought to be involved in emotional and visceral responses to odors?
a. Red nucleus
b. Restiform bodies
c. Pineal bodies
d. Habenular nuclei
c. Pineal bodies
Which of the following areas of the brain stem is thought to be involved in pain suppression?
a. Red nucleus
b. Restiform bodies
c. Periaquaductal gray
d. Vagal lobes
c. Periaquaductal gray
Floccular lobes in the cerebellum of reptiles may correspond to restiform bodies in cartilaginous fishes. This function is most likely related to which of the following?
a. Taste
b. Sight
c. Memory
d. Equilibrium
d. Equilibrium
The magnocellular zone of the RAS is characterized by a specific type of neuron with a long radiating dendrites spread out in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the brain stem. It has been suggested that the function of this area of the brain stem may be associated with which of the following?
a. Carrying information from the pineal body to the RAS
b. Connecting the superior and inferior colliculi
c. Picking up information from a variety of sources
d. Linking olfactory and taste sensations to the autonomic nervous system
c. Picking up information from a variety of sources
Cranial nerve nuclei V, VI, and VII are found in which of the following subdivisions of the brain?
a. Medulla
b. Pons
c. Midbrain
d. Diencephalon
b. Pons
The vestibular nuclear complex, associated with balance and equilibrium is located in which of the following subdivisions of the brain?
a. Telencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Metencephalon
d. Myelencephalon
d. Myelencephalon
Which of the following areas of the brain secretes melatonin and is involved in regulating circadian rhythms?
a. Thalamus
b. Hypothalamus
c. Pineal body
d. Inferior colliculi
c. Pineal body
The thalamus is a paired complex of many nuclei, some of which are associated with relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex. Others relay motor information from the cerebral cortex, and some serve to integrate the others. Which of the following relay information to the primary
auditory cortex of the cerebral cortex?
a. Medial geniculate
b. Lateral geniculate
c. Ventral posterior
d. Anterior
a. Medial geniculate
Which of the following may be considered to be the center for homeostasis?
a. Epihalamus
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thalamus
d. RAS
b. Hypothalamus
The cerebral hemispheres consist of large areas of gray matter such as the cortices and the striatum. In addition, there are many myelinated tracts comprising the white matter of the cerebrum. Which group of tracts connects gyri to gyri within the same hemisphere?
a. Commissural
b. Arcuate
c. Longitudinal
d. Uncinate
b. Arcuate
Increase in sexual activity, compulsive tendency to place objects in mouth, decreased emotionality, changes in eating behavior and visual agnosia are characteristics of Kluver-Bucy syndrome. This results when which of the following is/are bilaterally destroyed?
a. Substantia nigra
b. Red nucleus
c. Amygdala
d. Thalamus
c. Amygdala
Melanin-containing, dopaminergic neurons and iron-containing cells that secrete serotonin and GABA are major components of which of the following?
a. Substantia nigra
b. Thalamus
c. RAS
d. Superior colliculi
a. Substantia nigra
Lesions affecting the trigeminal nerve resulting in loss of general sensation to the face on the same side and paralysis to muscles of mastication occur in which brain subdivision?
a. Telencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. Metencephalon
e. Myelencephalon
d. Metencephalon
The nucleus cutaneous and nucleus gracilis are found in which of the following subdivisions?
a. Telencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. Metencephalon
e. Myelencephalon
e. Myelencephalon
Vagal lobes are found in which of the following groups of organisms
a. Fish
b. Amphibians
c. Reptiles
d. Mammals
a. Fish
Which of the following represents the original cephalic boundary of the neural tube and separates the two lateral ventricles of the telencephalon?
a. Papez circuit
b. Corpus striatum
c. Lamina terminalis
d. Neocortex
c. Lamina terminalis
