Review questions for Carbohydrates of Physiologic Importance new Flashcards
The standard test for the determination of glomerular filtration rate is the use of inulin. This carbohydrate is
a. Considered a glucose
b. Can be fermented to short fatty chain fatty acids
c. Straight chains are linked alpha 1,4 glucosidic bonds
d. Readily soluble in water
d. Readily soluble in water
Inulin is a polysaccharide of fructose (a fructosan) found in tubers and roots of dahlias, artichokes, and dandelions. It is readily soluble in water and is used to determine the glomerular filtration rate, but it is not hydrolyzed by intestinal enzymes, so has no nutritional value
According to the World Health Organizations Manual for the
Treatment of Diarrhea, the infant’s usual diet should be continued
during the illness and increased afterwards. If the child is at least
6 months old or already taking soft foods, he or she should be
given cereals which contain starch. Which of the following statements is true about starch?
a. Considered a glucose
b. Can be fermented to short fatty chain fatty acids
c. Straight chains are linked alpha 1,4 glucosidic bonds
d. Readily soluble in water
b. Can be fermented to short fatty chain fatty acids
A 25 year-old female medical clerk complained of dizziness. History revealed that she has not taken any meal since she woke up due to a busy surgical rotation. Considering, hypoglycemia in
this patient, you mention food and drinks that would be helpful in
this case
a. Whole wheat bread
b. Baked potatoes
c. Hard-boiled egg
d. White rice
b. Baked potatoes
A 23 year old medical student had his breakfast at 6 AM. But at 8
AM, he admits to feeling a little hungry and can still hold on for
another hour of lecture without snacks. Considering glycogen
breakdown for glucose supply, which of the following statements
about, which of the following statements about glycogen is true?
a. Consists of a homopolymer of glucose residues
b. A highly branched structure similar to starch in plants
c. Branching occurs every 24-30 glucose residues
d. Branching occurs via alpha 1,4 glucosidic bonds
b. A highly branched structure similar to starch in plants
The number of possible isomers with 5 chiral carbons
a. 32
b. 5
c. 15
d. 8
a. 32
formula = 2^n
True of D and L isomerism
a. Enzymes responsible for the metabolism of the naturally
occurring sugars are not specific for either of the D or L configuration
b. The carbon atom adjacent to the terminal alcohol carbon for
glucose in carbon 5
c. The OH group around the carbon atom adjacent to the terminal alcohol carbon, if on the right belongs to the L series
d. Either require an achiral carbon
b. The carbon atom adjacent to the terminal alcohol carbon for
glucose in carbon 5
Beta anomers
a. In the chair structure this results in a downward projection
b. In a cyclic form this results in a horizontal projection
c. Can be applied to other carbons other than the anomeric carbon
d. OH being on the same side of the ring as carbon 6
d. OH being on the same side of the ring as carbon 6
The entire complement of sugars of an organism, whether free or
present in more complex molecules.
a. Carbohydrates
b. Glucose
c. Starch
d. Glycome
d. Glycome
The following is an example of monosaccharides except:
a. Ribose
b. Lactose
c. Erythrose
d. Fructose
b. Lactose is a disaccharide
Is a polysaccharide of fructose found in tubers and roots of
dahlias, artichokes, and dandelions. It is readily soluble in water and used to determine the glomerular filtration rate.
a. Dextrin
b. Neuraminic acid
c. Lectins
d. Inulin
d. Inulin
Dextrin - intermediates in the hydrolysis of starch.
Neuraminic acid- is a nine carbon sugar derived from mannosamine
and pyruvate.
Lectins- proteins that bind specific glycosyl residues.
Isomers differ as a result of variations in configuration of the -OH and -H on carbons 2, 3, and 4 of glucose.
a. Epimer
b. Optical isomer
c. Isomer
d. Anomeric carbon
a. Epimer
A structural formula/form of glucose that is thermodynamically
favored and accounts for other properties.
a. Straight-chain form
b. Cyclic structure
c. Chair form
b. Cyclic structure
All are the sources of maltose sugar EXCEPT:
a. Enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
b. Yeast and fungi
c. Germinating cereals
d. Malt
b. Yeast and fungi is a source of trehalose sugar
Glucose is a physiological important monosaccharide, “the blood sugar”. Nucleotides and nucleic acids are important constituents of ribose.
a. True
b. False
b. False
Ribose is the important constituents of nucleotides and nucleic acid
Which of the following is INCORRECT about disaccharide
physiological importance:
a. Rare genetic lack of sucrase leads to sucrose intolerance
b. Lack of lactase leads to lactose intolerance.
c. Alactasia is a lack of lactulose that leads to diarrhea and
flatulence.
d. Lactulose will not be hydrolyzed by intestinal enzymes but
fermented by intestinal bacteria
c. Alactasia is a lack of lactulose that leads to diarrhea and
flatulence.
