Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSS - Renal Exam 1 > Review of the Kidney/Anatomy of the Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Review of the Kidney/Anatomy of the Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

left kidney level?

A

TV11 - LV2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

right kidney level?

A

little bit lower
TV12 - LV3

-more easily palpated**
pushed down by liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nerves posterior to kidney?

A

subcostal ventral ramus T12
iliohypohastric ventral ramus L1
ilioinguinal ventral ramus L1

all three, motor and sensory

don’t want to damage during surgery**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

iliopsoas test

A

pain upon extension of thigh

  • infection can spread from kidney to psoas
  • also ureters, pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

anterior to right kidney?

A

liver
ascending colon and right colic flexure
duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anterior of left kidney?

A 
spleen
pancreas
stomach
descending colon and left colic flexure
small bowel
jejunum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane of abdomen

kidney lies posterior to this
therefore, considered retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

renal fascia?

A

posterior and anterior

fuse and invest kidney and suprarenal gland

blend medially with adventitia of renal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

renal fat

A

some outside capsule and inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

renal sinus

A

open space of kidney
where things enter and leave

contains renal calyces, renal pelvis, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

paranephric fat

A

outside capsule

external to renal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

perinephric fat

A

inside capsule
between kidney and renal fascia

PER-“I”-NEPHRIC = Inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

suprarenal gland

A

above kidney within fascia

  • septum separation
  • renal infection won’t necessarily affect suprarenal gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

at hilum?

A

renal vein - most anterior
renal artery - posterior and superior
renal pelvis - posterior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cortex

A

where the nephrons reside

also where the medullary rays are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

renal column of bertin

A

invaginations of cortex to medulla

still nephron tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

medulla

A

mostly organized into renal pyramids

contain mainly collecting tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vasopression

A

control collecting tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

renal papilla

A

end of medulla

-drips urine into minor calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

calyx

A

minor empty to major

tubular and do have some smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

renal pelvis

A

forms from merge of major calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

left renal vein

A

slightly longer
picks up blood from other structure

-passes between aorta and superior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

branches of renal artery?

A

segmental arteries
-end arteries - so blockage will kill part of kidney

don’t memorize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
renal vein entrapment syndrome
left renal vein gets compressed between aorta and superior mesenteric artery hematuria, abdominal pain, left testicular pain aka nutcracker syndrome
26
three sign of renal vein entrapment
1 - left renal vein HTN 2 - bleeding in urine (hematauria) 3 - testicular pain (because testicular vein drains to the left renal vein as well
27
kidney innervation?
renal plexus sympathetic - preganglionic fibers T10-L1 (lateral horn) - via lesser, least, lumbar splanchnic nerves - mainly vasomotor and also carry pain fibers parasympathetic - preganglionic fibers with vagus nerve - motor to smooth muscle of calyx - primary stretch afferent fibers
28
kidney
mainly hormonally controlled
29
kidney referred pain
dermatone - lower back to flank to inguinal to groin patients present with pain localized here
30
spinal nerve levels of kidney?
T10-L1
31
kidney stones
can result in referred pain -from crystals often calcium pain that refers loin to groin
32
ureters
muscular tube transport urine from urine to urinary bladder retroperitoneal -course inferomedially along posterior abdominal wall, descend over brim to enter pelvis, along lateral pelvic wall to enter posterior bladder wall
33
three sites of constriction?
where kidney stone likely to be an obstruction 1 - ureter passes over inferior renal pole (abdominal part) 2 - ureter crosses over external iliac vessels (pelvic part) 3 - ureter traverses bladder wall (intramural part)
34
blood supply of ureter
aorta, gonadal artery, iliac vessels contribute
35
upper ureter innervation
sympathetic - preganglionic T10-T12 via lesser and least, and lumbar splanchnic nerves -vasomotor, also carry pain fibers parasympathetic - vagus nerve preganglionic - motor to smooth muscle (peristalsis) - carry primary stretch afferent fibers
36
lower ureter innervation
pelvic plexus sympathetic - L1-2 via lumbar splanchnic -vasomotor and pain fibers parasympathetic - pelvic splanchnic nerves - motor to smooth muscle (peristalsis) - primary stretch afferent receptors
37
referred pain from ureter?
same as kidney "loin to groin"
38
urinary bladder
store urine until urination -very stretchable -apex posterior to pubic symphysis (attachment of umbilical ligament) base = fundus -neck continuous with urethra
39
wall of urinary bladder
- outer - adventitia (not superior surface - peritoneum) - detrusor muscle layer - 3 layers - submucosa - mucosa (lamina propria to transitional epithelium) has rugae folds that allow stretching
40
trigone
posterior in urinary bladder -different development than bladder apex opens toward urethra opening sympathetic innervation to its muscle (sphincter) -prevents reflux of urine to urinary bladder inner - extension of uteric muscle outer - typical detrusor muscle
41
supportive ligaments of bladder?
pubovesicle (puboprostatic in male) | lateral ligament of urinary bladder
42
cystocele
bladder herniates through floor of pelvis -weakening of ligaments common cause childbirth also, obesity, chronic constipation, heavy lifting can cause urinary incompetence
43
innervation to bladder?
sympathetic - preganglionic T10-L2 via lumbar splanchnic nerves - trigonal muscle - sphincter urethrae muscle - vasomotor and pain parasympathetic - preganglionic pelvic splanchnic nerves - detrusor muscles - vasomotor - primary stretch afferent fibers - pain fibers
44
urethra
bladder to external environment
45
male urethra
sphincter urethral muscle also has bulbourethral gland (cowpers) and urethral (mucuous secretion)
46
sphincter urethral muscle
- muscle for urinary continence - has sphincter and transverse portion - and external portion - and deep portion skeletal and smooth muscle components
47
female urethra
shorter - sphincter urethral muscle - sphincter and transverse - external - deep pelvic and perineal portion paraurethral gland (skenes) homolog to male prostate
48
micturition process
bladder fills - stretch receptors fire - travel to spinal cord with pelvic splanchnic nerves S2,3,4 ascending fibers then travel through spinal cord to brainstem micturition center descending fibers from brainstem that activate motor component of pelvic splanchnic fibers - contraction of detrusor muscle and empty of bladder - also get descending pathway to inhibit sympathetic tone to sphincter urethral muscle AND the somatic nerve to sphincter urethra
49
function of kidney
filter blood and produce urine erythropoietin and renin secretion calcitriol production
50
nephrotosis
dropped kidney -deficiency of fats and fascia surrounding the kidney (late stage of starvation) - kidney drops into pelvis - often asymptomatic - acute pain in flak region that radiates to groin
51
spread of perinephric abscesses
renal fascia attaches tightly to renal vessels at renal hilum thus, peripephric abscess cannot spread to contralateral kidney they can spread inferiorly to the pelvis
52
renal arteries
lateral, paired visceral branches of aorta -at LV1-2 level right longer than left, passes posterior to IVC divide to 5 segmental arteries
53
posterior to ureters
psoas major | common iliac vessels
54
anterior to ureters
gonadal vessels | colic vessels
55
upper 1/3 arterial to ureter
renal artery/vein
56
middle 1/3 arterial to ureter
gonadal, aorta, common iliac artery/veins
57
lower 1/3 arterial to ureter
internal iliac artery/vein
58
upper 1/3 lymph drain ureter
lumbar lymph node
59
middle 1/3 lymph drain ureter
common iliac lymph node
60
lower 1/3 lymph drain ureter
common, external, internal iliac lymph nodes
61
intramural urethra
extends through neck of bladder male
62
prostatic urethra
extends through prostate male
63
membranous urethra
another portion male
64
spongy urethra
penile male

MSS - Renal Exam 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions