Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSS - Renal Exam 1 > Elements of Renal Function > Flashcards

Elements of Renal Function Flashcards

1
Q

kidney function?

A

regulate ECF concentration
regulate plasma electrolyte concentration
regulate acid base balance
regulate extracellular fluid volume, arterial blood presure
eliminate metabolic waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hormones in kidney?

A

erythropoietin
vitamin D
renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

synthesized in kidney?

A

ammonia
prostaglandins
kinins
glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

kidney is important?

A

integrated with many other body systems

renal failure: anemia, osteoporisis, disregulation of calcium and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

kidneys a blood pressure

A

also regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

renal blood supply

A

20% cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

renal BP?

A

glomerular capillaries - 60 mmHg

-pretty high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pressure in peritubular capillaries

A

lower (13 mmHg)

permits fluid reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pressure in capillary beds?

A

can be regulated by resistance changes in afferent and efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

two types of nephrons?

A 
superficial
juxtamedullary (much longer loops of henle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cortical nephron?

A

short loop of henle

-surrounded by peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

juxtamedullary nephron

A

long loop of henle

-long efferent arterioles divided into specialized peritubular capillaries (vasa recta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

renal microcirculation?

A

afferent arteriole
glomerular capillaries
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vasa recta

A

runs alongside loos of henle in juxtamedullary nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

venous drainage?

A

interlobular vein
arcuate vein
interlobar vein
renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

first capillary network?

A

glomerular capillaries

  • high hydrostatic pressure
  • large fluid volume filtered in bowmans capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

second capillary network?

A

peritubular capillarires

  • low hydrostatic pressure
  • law amounts of water and solute are reabsorbed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

renal blood flow

A

very high flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

renal flow during exercise?

A

decreased flow

-blood is shunted to skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

flow rates in regions of kidney?

A

cortex highest
slower as get more central (outer to inner medulla)

slow rate in medulla allows concentration of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

innervation of kidney?

A

sympathetics on smooth muscle on arterioles and granular cells in afferent arterioles

22
Q

granular cells

A

on juxtaglomerular apparatus

-sympathetic stimulation of renin release

23
Q

sympathetic stimulation?

A

powerful constriction of afferent and efferent arterioles
-afferent > efferent

decreases renal blood flow
diverts renal fraction to vital organs

also stimulates renin release

24
Q

renin

A

stimulates Na+ reabsorption in proximal tubule, thick ascending loop of henle, distal convoluted duct, collecting duct

25
Q

glomerular filtration

A

filtration of plasma from glomerular capillaries into bowmans capsule

26
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

transferral of substances from tubular lumen to peritubular capillaries

27
Q

tubular secretion

A

transferral of substances from peritubular capillaries to tubular lumen

28
Q

excretion

A

voiding of substances in urine

29
Q

urinary excretion = ?

A

amount filtered - reabsorbed + secreted

30
Q

tubular reabsorption = ?

A

glomerular filtration - urinary excretion

if excretion rate > filtration rate, tubular secretion must have occurred

31
Q

glomerular filtration rate

A

volume of plasma filtered into combined nephron of both kidneys per unit time

32
Q

filtration rate

A

GFR x plasma concentration of substance

33
Q

urinary excrection rate?

A

flow rate x concentration of substance in urine

34
Q

reabsorption or secretion of substance?

A

difference between glomerular filtration and urinary excretion (assuming substance is not produced or metabolized by kidneys)

35
Q

excretion < filtration

A

net reabsorption occured

36
Q

excretion > filtration

A

net secretion occured

37
Q

clearance

A

volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by kidney in given time period

describes how effectively the kidneys remove a substance from the bloodstream and excrete it in the urine

different substances have different clearance

GFR measure depends on clearance

38
Q

clearance of substance = ?

A

concentration in urine x urine volume /
concentration of substance in plasma

Cx = Ux x V / Px ***

39
Q

GFR estimate?

A

can be done using clearance

-if compound freely filtered, but NOT secreted, reabsorbed, produced, nor degraded by the kidneys

40
Q

inulin

A

freely filtered, not reabsorbed, secreted, or metabolized

inulin clearance equal to GFR

problems - need to inject it

41
Q

creatinine?

A

another estimate of GFR
-freely filtered, but not perfect

creatinine secretion in proximal tubule overestimates Ux; substances in blood cause overestimation of Px

two sources of error nearly cancel eachother out

42
Q

P-creatinine and GFR?

A

plasma creatinine

inversely proportional

not perfect, difference in lean muscle
compensatory increased proximal tubule secretion

43
Q

uses of creatinine?

A

long term function

44
Q

BUN/creatinine

A

creatinine from muscle
BUN from liver (waste product)

urea reabsorbed by tubules can be regulated
creatinine reabsorbed remains the same

45
Q

BUN/Cr >20/1

A

prerenal problem

  • BUN reabsorption is increased
  • due to hypovolemia

creatinine doesn’t change with hypovolemia

46
Q

BUN/Cr 10-20/1

A

normal range or postrenal

-can be postrenal disease (obstruction)

47
Q

BUN/Cr <10/1

A

intrarenal

-renal damage causes reduced reabsorption of BUN and a lower BUN/Cr ratio

48
Q

cystatin C

A

another marker of GFR

  • produced by all nucleated cells
  • freely filtered
  • not dependent on muscle mass or gender

it goes up, GFR goes down

used to determine estimage GFR (eGFR)

49
Q

para-amino hippuric acid (PAH)

A

freely filtered and avidly secreted
-completely cleared from plasma of peritubular capillaries

gives estimate of blood flow

50
Q

filtration fraction

A

renal plasma flow through the tubule

FF = GFR/RPF

RPF = renal plasma flow

51
Q

increased FF

A

oncotic pressure of efferent arteriole increases

-facilitates reabsorption

MSS - Renal Exam 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions