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MSS - Renal Exam 1 > Body Fluids CIS > Flashcards

Body Fluids CIS Flashcards

1
Q

total body water

A

around 42L total

broken to ICF and ECF

ECF is plasma and interstitial fluid

plasma is venous and arterial

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2
Q

effective circulating volume

A

arterial

independent of ECF volume, plasma volume, and cardiac output

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3
Q

transcellular fluid

A

3rd fluid compartment

CSF, synovial, etc.

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4
Q

Vd

A

volume of distribution of drug

  • apparent volume of body fluid in which total dose of drug is distributed at same concentration in plasma
  • useful in calculating doses
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5
Q

Vd < 3L

A

only in plasma

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6
Q

Vd = 14L

A

drug in plasma and interstitial

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7
Q

Vd > 45L

A

drug widely distributed and bound in body tissues

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8
Q

body fluid compartments?

A

intake and output balanced

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9
Q

intracellular?

A

potassium and phosphate

also proteins and magnesium slightly larger

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10
Q

extracellular?

A

sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate

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11
Q

what remains relatively stable between extra and intra compartments?

A

total mOsm/L

-in osmotic equilibrium

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12
Q

more positive ions in plasma

A

because they can complex with negatively charged albumin

aka donnan effect**

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13
Q

albumin

A

higher in ICF and plasma

lower in interstitial fluid

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14
Q

proteins?

A

do not move across moembrane

-don’t impact osmolarity but do exert oncotic pressure

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15
Q

malnourishment?

A

not enough albumin in vessels to hold in water

water goes to peritoneal cavity (distended abdomen)

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16
Q

measure of body fluid compartment volumes

A

total body water, ECF, and plasma volume can be measured directly by dilution of injected radioactive substances or dyes

ICF then calculated by TBW - ECF
interstitial can be calculated ECF - plasma volume

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17
Q

plasma volume and hematocrit known?

A

TBV = plasma / 1 - hematocrit

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18
Q

osmolarity in ECF = ?

A

osmolarity of ICF

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19
Q

why is Na and K concentration slightly higher in vascular space?

A

donnan effect

-negative charge of proteins within vasculature attracts positively charged ions

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20
Q

balance in ECF?

A

between interstitial and intravascular

Na+ and osmolarity normally balanced

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21
Q

osmolarity established

A

in ECF due to presence of Na and Cl

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22
Q

disruption of pump activity?

A

ex/ hypoxia

increased ICF Na
water follows Na and cell swells

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23
Q

intracellular osmolarity

A

established by presence of K+

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24
Q

cell membrane

A

between ECF and ICF
-highly water soluble

not permeable to most electrolytes
fluid distribution dependent on osmotic effects of Na and Cl

25
Q

capillary cell membrane?

A

between ECF compartments
highly permeable to small ions

fluid distribution due to balance between capillary hydrostatic P and colloid osmotic P (Starling)

26
Q

maintenence of body fluid balance regulated by two factors which govern NaCl and water balance

A

ECF volume and ECF osmolarity

27
Q

osmotic equilibration

A

movement of water acros cell membranes from higher to lower concentration as result of osmotic pressure difference across membrane

28
Q

darrow-yannet diagram

A

concentration vs. volume

29
Q

what change occurs first?

A

ECF compartment change

30
Q

ICF and ECF?

A

in osmotic equilibrium

water moves only when osmotic pressure gradient exists

31
Q

fluid distribution between plasma and interstitial fluid

A

maintained by balanced of hydrostatic and osmotic forces across capillaries

32
Q

fluid distribution between ECF and ICF

A

determined by osmotic effect of small solutes across cell membrane

33
Q

crystalloid fluids

A

contain varying concentration of electrolytes and can stay in ECF or be widely distributed

ex/ normal saline, lactated ringers solution

34
Q

colloid fluids

A

contain large proteins and molecules that stay in the vascular space

ex/ dextran, albumin

35
Q

isosmotic

A

solutions with same osmolarity as ECF

there will be a volume increase only

36
Q

hyperosmotic

A

solution has higher osmolarity than that of ECF

water moves from ICF to ECF
-increase ECF volume and decreased ICF volume

37
Q

hyposmotic

A

solution has osmolarity less than ECF

added to ECF, decreases osmolarity and water moves into cells (into ICF)

ECF and ICF volume both increase

38
Q

tonicity

A

change in cell volume due to osmotic equilibrium with water movement across cell membranes

39
Q

hypotonic solution

A

cell swelling

40
Q

hypertonic solution

A

cell shrinking

41
Q

tonicity depends on

A

concentration of impermeant solutes in ECF vs. ICF

42
Q

fluid distribution between ICF and ECF determined by?

A

ion distribution

ATPase activity

43
Q

distribution of ECF between plasma and interstitial compartments determined primarily by

A

hydrostatic and oncotic pressure

intravascular pressure in capillaries vs. plasma proteins and solute concentration

44
Q

edema

A

inappropriate renal fluid retention

45
Q

non-pitting edema

A

swollen cells due to increased ICF volume

46
Q

pitting edema

A

increased interstitial fluid volume

47
Q

altered starling forces edema

A

interstitial increased by 2.5-3L

-compensatory renal retention of sodium and water to maintain plasma volume in response to underfilling of the vasculature must occur in this situation to cause edema

48
Q

renal retention of sodium and water edema

A

inappropriate renal fluid retention

49
Q

isoosmotic volume contraction and expansion

A

osmolarity remains same in ICF and ECF

only changes in ECF volume

ex/ vomiting, diarrhea, infusion of 0.9% NaCl

50
Q

hyperosmotic volume contraction

A

loss of water
-osmolarity increase and volume decrease in ECF

-then ICF volume decreases to equilibrate

ex/ dehydration, diabetes insipidus

51
Q

hyperosmotic volume expansion

A

gain in NaCl
-osmolarity of NaCl increase and volume

-then ICF volume decreases

ex/ salt intake, mannitol infusion

52
Q

hypoosmotic volume contraction

A

loss of NaCl
-ECF osmolarity and volume decrease

ex/ hypoaldosteronism, adrenal insufficiency

53
Q

hypoosmotic volume expansion

A

gain of water
-decreases osmolarity of ECF

water increases in ECF and ICF volumes

ex/ SIADH, psychogenic, polydipsia

54
Q

ADH

A

regulates osmolarity

55
Q

thirst

A

regulates osmolarity

56
Q

SNS

A

volume regulation

57
Q

RAAS

A

volume regulation

58
Q

ANP

A

volume regulation

MSS - Renal Exam 1 (8 decks)

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