review of pharm 1

Question 1

biotechnology

Answer 1

manipulating DNA or RNA. example covid vaccine

Question 2

brand name

Answer 2

example purrell (hand sanitizer)

Question 3

pharmacodynamics

Answer 3

drug action on the cell

Question 4

pharmacogenetics

Answer 4

changes in drugs effectiveness related to genetic heritage

Question 5

pharmacokinetics

Answer 5

movement of a drug throughout the body, how its metabolized, absorbed…

Question 6

pharmacotherapy

Answer 6

treatment using drugs

Question 7

first pass effect

Answer 7

initial metabolism of oral medications (pass through liver before it gets to systemic effect)

Question 8

loading dose/ bolos

Answer 8

larger than regular dose, given once before maintenance dose

Question 9

serum half life

Answer 9

time required for the drug concentration to decrease by 50%

Question 10

enteric coated

Answer 10

makes drug insoluble to stomach acid/ do not crush

Question 11

controlled release

Answer 11

slow release, maintain consistent serum level

Question 12

enteral

Answer 12

NG tubes, PEG tubes (tube feeding)

Question 13

parenteral

Answer 13

IV (TPN), anything enters the vein

Question 14

pre-clinical phase

Answer 14

testing out on animals

Question 15

clinical phase 1

Answer 15

trial on healthy volunteers

Question 16

clinical phase 2

Answer 16

people that have the disease or symptoms

Question 17

clinical phase 3

Answer 17

given to random people, large population, adverse effects, benefits out way risk

Question 18

clinical phase 4

Answer 18

continue to monitor, given to more

Question 19

QSEN

Answer 19

patient centered care, EBP, safety, informatics, quality improvement, teamwork and collaboration

Question 20

the nurse knows that controlled drugs are

Answer 20

scheduled according to potential for abuse: the FDA assigns a drugs schedule based on medical use and its abuse potential. Higher numbers= less potential for abuse

Question 21

a pt has tube feeding running at 10 ml/ hr and IV normal saline running at 50 ml/ hr. what is the pt parenteral intake after 4 hours ?

Answer 21

200 ml

Question 22

absorption

Answer 22

how fast the drug reaches the target cells

Question 23

distribution

Answer 23

blood stream to the cells, more to do with blood flow

Question 24

metabolism

Answer 24

how is the drug inactivated, liver is most common, P450

Question 25

excretion

Answer 25

eliminating drug from the system, kidneys is most common

Question 26

cross tolerance

Answer 26

one drug leads to needing an increase of another drug

Question 27

type 1 drug allergy

Answer 27

anaphylactic reactions

Question 28

type 2 drug allergy

Answer 28

cytotoxic reaction (blood incompatibility)

Question 29

type 3 drug allergy

Answer 29

serum sickness (immune)

Question 30

type 4 drug allergy

Answer 30

delayed reaction (rash, poison ivy)

Question 31

a pt with an overdose of an unknown oral drug usually receives which of the following

Answer 31

activated charcoal “universal antidote”

Question 32

most common medication mistake

Answer 32

calculations

Question 33

beers criteria

Answer 33

looks for medications that may be inappropriate for older adults

Question 34

older adult pharmacodymancis

Answer 34

reduced receptor site, medication tolerance, chronic illness, polypharmacy, beers criteria

Question 35

older adult pharmacokinetics: absorption

Answer 35

increased gastric pH, delayed gastric emptying, decreased blood flow

Question 36

older adult pharmacokinetics: metabolism

Answer 36

decreased hepatic mass and blood flow

Question 37

older adult pharmacokinetics: distribution

Answer 37

increased body fat, decreased total body water, decreased serum albumin

Question 38

older adult pharmacokinetics: elimination

Answer 38

decreased creatinine Clarence, decreased GFR, decreased tubular filtration