Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharm 2 exam 1 > drug therapy for tx of infection pt2 > Flashcards

drug therapy for tx of infection pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

macrolides are used for (often over prescribed)

A

penicillin substitute, newborns, STIs, respiratory infections, prokinetic (diabetes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

macrolides examples

A

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, fidaxomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

macrolides adverse effects

A

black box warning in pts with liver disease(hepatotoxicity), GI/ CNS (reversible hearing loss, confusion)/ cardiac effects (prolong QT interval)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

macrolides drug interactions

A

warfarin & digoxin (increases drug serum & toxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

use with caution with macrolides in pts with

A

liver disease & inflammatory bowel disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when using macrolides, do not use if pt is on

A

fluconazole and or diltiazem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nursing considerations for macrolides

A

antacids reduce the absorption of the macrolide, assess meds pt is receiving for interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clindamycin (in the drug class lincosamide)

A

not a macrolide/ topical for staph infections/ systemic for very serious infections (ex. TSS) / black box warning for fatal pseudomembranous colitis (if pt develops diarrhea, take seriously)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lipoglycopeptide example

A

vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

uses of vancomycin

A

not many due to VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus), PO treats Cdiff & MRSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

caution with vancomycin because it is very

A

nephrotoxic (effects kidney), always get a trough before 4th dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

caution with vancomycin because it is very

A

nephrotoxic (effects kidney), always get a trough before 4th dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vancomycin is very irritating to

A

Veins, so if going to be giving for more than a couple days recommend a central line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

if you give vancomycin to quickly

A

a rash on the face, neck, and trunk may occur and must slow down the infusion rate: called red man syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

oxazolidinone antibiotici example

A

linezolid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

linezolid uses

A

VRSA tx, not for long term therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

complications of linezolid

A

serious hematologic and neurologic complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

linezolid adverse effects

A

black box warning for pts taking SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, & MAOIs (psych meds), interferes with the break down of serotonin in the brain (serotonin syndrome), CNS complications, bone marrow depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

serotonin syndrome side effects

A

muscle twitching, shivering, excessive sweating, shaking, fever, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

because linezolid causes bone marrow depression that is why

A

it is not given ling term and you need to monitor the CBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

chloramphenicol is a

A

miscellaneous antibiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

chloramphenicol uses

A

broad spectrum IV antibiotic, used for VRE/ meningitis/ plague/ cholera/ typhoid fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chloramphenicol adverse effects

A

black box warning, should be monitored in the hospital, causes fatal blood diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

daptomycin uses

A

for complicated skin and skin structure infections, used for bacteremia caused by S. Aureus, often used with gentamicin

24
Q

daptomycin drug interactions

A

statins

25
Q

rifaximin uses

A

very effective at treating travelers diarrhea caused by E. coli & hepatic encephalopathy (causes build up of ammonia/ messes with brain)

26
Q

your pt is receiving IV vancomycin and develops a rash on the face, neck, and trunk. What is the nurses priority action?

A

slow down the infusion

27
Q

the nurse should question the combination of which two medications?

A

diltiazem and erythromycin (macrolides and diltazem can lead to cardiac arrest)

28
Q

sulfonamides

A

work by creating fake folic acid so the bacteria can not utilize it which is needed for the bacteria to function

29
Q

sulfonamides uses

A

UTIs, salmonella, klebsiella, pseudomonas

30
Q

sulfonamides examples

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim), sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine, sulfisoxazole (readily cross placenta)

31
Q

adverse effects of sulfonamides

A

hypersensitivity reactions, GI (pancreatitis)& renal effects, hematologic & dermatological effects (itching, photosensitivity, Steven Johnsons syndrome)

32
Q

contradictions for sulfonamides

A

allergies to sulfa drugs or thiazide diuretics, megaloblastic anemia, renal disease, elderly (can develop hyperkalemia), infants < 2 months (dispenses bilirubin), pregnancy (because creates fake folic acid)

33
Q

nursing considerations for sulfonamides

A

CBC monitoring, BMP in elderly, sulfasalazine can stain the skin (contacts can turn orange)

34
Q

tetracycline uses (also called doxycycline &&raquo_space;><»)

A

acne, COPD/ asthma exacerbation , chlamydia, Lyme disease

35
Q

tetracycline nursing considerations

A

administer on empty stomach with lots of water, remain upright for at least 30 mins, throw away outdated meds (if not can cause renal failure)

36
Q

tetracycline food & drug interactions

A

antacids, iron, diary, digoxin (increase absorption leading to digoxin toxicity), anticoagulants

37
Q

adverse effects of tetracycline

A

GI effects (esphogitis: constant burning), dental/ skeletal effects (permanent yellowing or browning of teeth), dermatological effect (photosensitivity rash or bad sunburn)

38
Q

contraindications of tetracycline

A

pregnancy/ lactating mothers, children < 8 y.old, hepatic & renal dysfunction

39
Q

urinary antiseptics

A

nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), phenazopyridine (Pyridium), trimethoprim

40
Q

urinary antiseptics: nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

A

treatment and prophylaxis of UTIs, not for elderly (can cause increase risk for diiff) or in pregnancy

41
Q

urinary antiseptics: phenazopyridine (Pyridium)

A

is a urinary analgesic (burning and pain), give with food, will give you reddish orange urine (can’t receive UA while taking only C & S), black box warning (if skin turns yellow, notify immediately: renal insufficiency), do not take for more than 2 days (lead to renal failure)

42
Q

urinary antiseptics: trimethoprim

A

folate antagonist, used in combination with sulfonamides (Bactrim), used for UTIs & P. Jiroveci pneumonia

43
Q

the nurse knows an adverse reaction to doxycycline is which of the following?

A

esophagitis

44
Q

tuberculosis affects primarily

A

the lungs, may also affect lymph, pleurae, GI, bones/ joints, kidneys & brain

45
Q

TB is the leading cause of death worldwide for people with

A

HIV

46
Q

one cause of TB is

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

47
Q

mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

slow growing bacteria, lays dormant, different types of mycobacteria, found in water and soil, airborne

48
Q

pathophysiology of TB

A

4 phases: transmission (airborne/ if inhale), primary infection (2-10 weeks after exposure), latent TB infection (no symptoms and do not spread), active TB (5-10% in people)

49
Q

symptoms of TB

A

low grade fever, cough, fatigue, WEIGHT LOSS, NIGHT SWEATS, HEMOPTYSIS

50
Q

diagnostic tests for TB

A

Mantoux skin test, quantiferon TB gold, chest xray, sputum

51
Q

drugs to treat TB (latent and active) first line treatment

A

izoniazid (INH), rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide (PZA)

52
Q

pt education about TB medications

A

should start to feel better 2-3 weeks, report adverse symptoms (liver toxicity), direct observational therapy (when worried about noncompliance)

53
Q

isoniazid (INH) adverse effects

A

CNS effects (can cause seizures), GI effects (pancreatitis, N,V,D), black box warning for liver toxicity (RUQ pain, yellowing)

54
Q

isoniazid (INH) contraindications/ cautions

A

hepatic/ renal dysfunction, CNS dysfunction

55
Q

rifampin adverse effects

A

skin effects (stains skin, urine, contacts orange reddish) GI effects, Renal effects

56
Q

contraindications for rifampin

A

hepatic dysfunction, hx of alcoholism, being treated for HIV (make TB drugs less affective), pregnancy/ lactation (in 3rd trimester)

57
Q

adjuvant first line anti tubercular drugs (1st 2 months of therapy): pyrazinamide (PZA) adverse effects

A

GI upset, hyperuricemia (increase uric acid), hepatotoxicity

58
Q

adjuvant first line anti tubercular drugs (1st 2 months of therapy): ethambutol adverse effects

A

optic neuritis (can’t distinguish color red from green)

pharm 2 exam 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions