Review of Material Science Flashcards by Aivan Kennedy Cortez

Engineering Materials

refers to selecting the correct materials for the application in which the engineered part is being used.

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refers to selecting the correct materials for the application in which the engineered part is being used.

Engineering Materials

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What entails the selection process in material selection in Engineering?

1.Choosing the material
2.Different Classification of Engineering materials
3.Properties of engineering materials
4.Mechanical properties and applications of engineering materials

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Choosing the material; Different Classification of Engineering materials; Properties of engineering materials; Mechanical properties and applications of engineering materials

Considerations of Selecting process in Engineering Materials

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What are the two general classification between materials

Metallic and Non - Metallic

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Metallic and Non - Metallic

two general classification between materials

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What are the two general classification between Metallic materials

Ferrous and Non - Ferrous

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Ferrous and Non - Ferrous

Two general classification between Metallic materials

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Ferrous materials are further subdivided into … ?

Steels and Cast Irons

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Steels and Cast Irons

Different classification of ferrous materials

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What are the three types of Steel?

Plain , Carbon , Alloy

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Plain , Carbon , Alloy

three types of Steel

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What are the different types of Cast Iron?

Grey, White, Malleable, Ductile, Nodular

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Grey, White, Malleable, Ductile, Nodular

Kinds of Cast Iron

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What are the Non - Ferrous metals mostly used in engineering?

Aluminum,Copper,Magnesium,Tin,Zinc,Lead,Nickel and alloys.

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Aluminum,Copper,Magnesium,Tin,Zinc,Lead,Nickel and alloys.

Non - Ferrous

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Two classifications of non-metallic materials

Organic and Inorganic

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What are the different types of organic materials?

Plastic, wood, Paper, Rubber, Leather, Petroleum

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Plastic, wood, Paper, Rubber, Leather, Petroleum

Organic

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What are the different types of inorganic materials?

Minerals, Cements, Glass, Ceramic, Graphite

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Grey cast iron

is an alloy of carbon and steel. Additionally, it also contains iron. Its composition is Carbon (2.5%-3.8%), Silicon (1.1%-2.8%), Manganese (0.4%-1%) and Phosphorous (0.15%).

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is an alloy of carbon and steel. Additionally, it also contains iron. Its composition is Carbon (2.5%-3.8%), Silicon (1.1%-2.8%), Manganese (0.4%-1%) and Phosphorous (0.15%).

Grey cast iron

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has a high resistance to wear. It has low ductility. And low impact strength when compared with steel. Its machinability is better than steel

Cast Iron

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is recognized by the presence of carbon in the form of graphite flakes.

Grey Cast Iron

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is plain carbon steel containing carbon percentage between 0.15%-0.3%. It is easily forgeable, malleable, and ductile

Mild Steel

metallic elements added to steel to make an alloy

nickel, chromium, vanadium and others.

metallic elements added to steel to make an alloy

The steel obtained by adding alloy elements is known as

alloy steel

has a high resistance to corrosion and is one of the best conductors of electricity

copper

has a high resistance to corrosion and is one of the best conductors of electricity

is also another good conductor of electricity and is highly malleable and ductile

aluminium

aluminium is also used to form alloys with?

copper zinc and iron

has a very high resistance to corrosion compared to steel.

aluminum

is used in belt drives and washers

Leather

is used in packaging material and as an electrical insulator.

Rubber

Phenolform Aldehyde Polyesters Epoxy Resins

Thermo-setting polymers

Phenolform Aldehyde Polyesters Epoxy Resins

Thermoplastics

PVC Polythene Acrylic Resins

Thermoplastics

consist of carbon, in chemical combination with hydrogen, oxygen or other non-metallic substances

Organic polymers

simple molecules are chemically combined into long-chain molecules

Polymerization

Two types of woods

Softwoods and Hardwoods

Two different types of Hardwoods?

Temperate hardwoods and Tropical hardwood

consists of strong and flexible cellulose fibers

Wood

is the composite of thin sheets of wood. It hs grains of alternate sheets perpendicular to each other and bonded together by a polymer in between them.

Plywood

are non-metallic solids made up of inorganic compounds like nitrides, oxides, and carbides.It possesses electrical, magnetic, chemical and thermal properties. These materials are used in electronic-controlled devices, computers, and the aerospace field.

Ceramics

Traditional Ceramics

Refractories Abrasives Glass Cement Concrete

Advanced Ceramics

Electroceramics Piezoelectric ceramics Magnetic ceramics Optical ceramics Conductive ceramics Advanced Structural Ceramics Nuclear ceramics Bioceramics Automotive ceramics

Advanced Ceramics

are the mixture of materials like metals and alloys and ceramics, metals and organic polymers, ceramics and organic polymers. These are used in electrical devices and airplane parts

Composites

is better than any of the individual components as regards to their strengths, heat resistance and stiffness.

composites

Types of composites

Metal Matrix Ceramic Matrix Polymer Matrix

are materials whose conductivity lies between that of conductor and insulator. These materials are generally hard and brittle. They are the building blocks of modern digital electronics. We use them to make devices like diodes, logic gates, flip-flops and latches, microprocessors, etc.

Semiconductors

Mild Steel

It is a good shock absorber, hence used to make manufacturing screws. Universal beams Case hardening steel Gears

Mild Steel

Grey Cast Iron

Machine tool structure i.e Frame, bed. Frames for electrical motors. Cylinder blocks and heads for IC engine. Lathe machine and drilling machine.

Grey Cast Iron

Used to manufacture crankpins, crankshafts spline shafts, gear shafts, and axles. Also, anchor boats, Axe saw plates, hammers, valve string, and self-taping screws.

Medium Carbon Steel

Used to manufacture crankpins, crankshafts spline shafts, gear shafts, and axles. Also, anchor boats, Axe saw plates, hammers, valve string, and self-taping screws.

High Carbon steel

Used in punches and dyes,railway rails,lift lead springs, and saws for cutting steel and broaches

High Carbon Steel

Nickel steel

is used to manufacture IC engine valves, turbine blades, clock pendulum, measuring instruments.

Nickel steel

Vanadium steel

is used to make springs, gears, shafts, and various other tools.

Vanadium steel

Copper

Used to make household utensils. Used in the manufacturing of electrical cables and wires. Used in motor windings. Used in condensers and boilers.

Copper

Aluminum

Since it has a high resistance to corrosion, it is used to make reflectors and telescopes. Used to make foil as food packaging. Used in the manufacturing of piston, electric cables, kitchen utensils, automobile parts.

Aluminum

What are the different main properties of materials?

1.Mechanical 2.Physical 3.Electrical 4.Chemical 5.Thermal 6.Magnetic

What are the different types of Mechanical properties?

1.Strength 2.Elasticity 3.Plasticity 4.Stiffness 5.Resillence 6.Toughness 7.Malleability 8.Ductility 9.Brittleness 10.Hardness 11. Weldability 12.Machinability

what are the different types of Physical Properties?

1.Bulk Density 2.Porosity 3.Durability 4.Density 5.Density Index 6.Specific gravity 7.Fire resistance 8.Frost Resistance 9.Weathering resistance 10.Spalling Resistance 11.Water absorption 12.Water permeabilty 13.Hygroscopicity 14.Coefficent of softening 15.Refractoriness

What are the different Chemical properties of Materials?

1.Chemical Resistance 2.Corrosion resistance

What are the different types of Thermal Properties?

Thermal Capacity Thermal conductivity Thermal Resistivity Specific Heat

Electrical Properties

The properties of material to conduct or to resist electricity through them

Magnetic Properties

properties of material like permeability, hysteresis etc. are required in the case pf generators etc

is defined as the ability of the material to resist, without rupture, external forces causing various types of stresses

Strength

is the ability of the material to resist external load causing tensile stress without fracture

Tensile Strength

is the ability of the material to resist external load causing tensile stress without fracture

Compressive strength

is the ability to resist external load that causes compressive stress, without failure.

Compressive strength

is defined as the ability of the material to regain its original shape and size after the deformation, when the external forces are removed

Elasticity

is defined as the ability of the material to regain its original shape and size after the deformation, when the external forces are removed

Steel is perfectly elastic within the

elastic limit

is defined as the ability of the material to retain the deformation produced under the load on permanent basis. In this case, the external forces deform the metal to such an extent that it cannot fully recover its original dimensions.

Plasticity

is an important consideration in machine tool components

Elasticity

is desirable for components made by press working operations

Plasticity

represents the maximum value of stress at which the stress-strain curve is linear.

proportionality limit

represents the maximum value of stress at which the stress-strain curve is linear.

represents the maximum value of stress at which there is no permanent set.

elastic limit

which represents the value of stress above which the strain will begin to increase rapidly.

yield point

The stress at the yield point is called the

yield strength

which is the maximum value of stress on the stress-strain diagram

Ultimate point

phenomena when the load applied to specimen causes its cross-sectional area in a localized region to reduce significantly.

necking

is the point at which the material fails and separates into pieces

fracture point

a mathematical equation that can be used to approximate the stress strain curve of a material

Ramberg- Osgood stress strain

is defined as the ability of the material to resist deformation under the action of external load.

Stiffness