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PHAR417 > Review of Autonomic NS-T1 > Flashcards

Review of Autonomic NS-T1 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the web of peripheral nervous system

A

Nervous System

a. CNS
b. Peripheral nervous system
1. somatic nervous system
2. autonomic nervous system
- -> sympathetic NS
- -> Parasympathetic NS

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2
Q

3 general descriptions of ANS

A
  1. involuntary
  2. not necessary for immediate maintenance of life
  3. function to maintain homeostasis.
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3
Q

Describe the anatomy of the ANS

A
  1. parasympathetic neurons originate in the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and sacral spinal cord
  2. sympathetic neurons originate from the thoracic and lumbar portions of the spinal cord.
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4
Q

the PNS is responsible for

A

discreet changes in organ function

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5
Q

PNS is associated with

A

rest and digest

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6
Q

PNS preganglionic fibers originate

A

in the tactile portion of the brainstem and sacral spinal cord.

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7
Q

What cranial nerves are associated with PNS

A

III, VII, IX, X

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8
Q

sacral nerves of the PNS supply

A

the descending colon, rectum, bladder, and erectile tissue.

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9
Q

preganglionic fibers release____ and activate ___ receptors on ______

A

release Ach to activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors on postganglionic nerve dendrites.

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10
Q

Nn–>

Nm–>

A
  • nicotinic neuronal tissue receptors

- nicotinic muscarinic receptors

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11
Q

PNS goes through ganglionic ____.

Then draw the basic flow. 1–>2–>, etc.

A

goes through ganglionic interaction before the nerve innervates the tissues.
preganglionic–> ganglion–> postganglionic–> tissue innervation.

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12
Q

nicotine activates ____

A

ganglionic nicotinic receptor to enhance neurotransmission.

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13
Q

postgang cholinergic nerves release__ and activate___

then draw basic flow: 1–>2–> etc

A

release Ach and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

pre-ganglionic nerve release Ach–> Nn in ganglia–> post ganglionic–> Ach–> M

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14
Q

Give location and the result of ligand binding for: Muscarinic M1

A
  • location: CNS neurons, sympathetic postganglionic neurons, some presynaptic sites
  • result of binding: formation of IP3 and DAG, and increased intracellular calcium
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15
Q

Give location and the result of ligand binding for: Muscarinic M2

A
  • location: myocardium, smooth muscle, some presynaptic sites
  • result of binding: opening of potassium channels, and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
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16
Q

Give location and the result of ligand binding for: Muscarinic M3

A
  • location: endocrine glands, vessels (endothelium and smooth muscle); CNS neurons
  • result of binding: like M1
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17
Q

Give location and the result of ligand binding for: muscarinic M4

A
  • location: CNS neorons; possibly vagal nerve endings

- result of binding: Like M2

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18
Q

Give location and the result of ligand binding for: Muscarinic M5

A
  • location: vascular endothelium, especially cerebral vessels
  • result of binding: like M1
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19
Q

Give location and the result of ligand binding for: nicotinic Nn

A
  • location: postganglionic neurons, some presynaptic cholinergic terminals
  • result of binding: opening of Na/K channels, depolarization
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20
Q

Give location and the result of ligand binding for: nicotinic Nm

A
  • location: skeletal muscle neuromuscular end plates

- result of binding: opening of Na/K channels, depolarization.

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21
Q

Which M receptors do majority of work regarding the PNS

A

M1-M3

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22
Q

the ion channels of nicotinic receptors are

A

ligand gated

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23
Q

both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors bind and are activated by___

A

Ach

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24
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor: Iris circular muscle

A
  • action: contracts

- receptor: M3

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25
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor:Ciliary muscle

A
  • action: contracts

- receptor: M3

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26
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor: Heart- SA node

A
  • action: decelerates

- receptor- M2

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27
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor: Heart- contractility

A
  • action: decreases (atria)

- receptor: M2

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28
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor: blood vessels- endothelium (drug effect)

A
  • action: releases EDRF

- receptor: M3, M5

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29
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor: bronchiolar smooth muscle

A
  • action- contracts

- receptor: M3

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30
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor: GI- smooth muscle walls

A

action: contracts
receptor: M3

31
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor:GI- smooth muscle sphincters

A

action: relaxes
receptor: M3

32
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor: GI- secretion

A

action: increases
receptor: M3

33
Q

For the organ or process, describe its parasympathetic activity: Action and its receptor:Urinary smooth muscle bladder

A

action- contracts

receptor- M3

34
Q

describe the control of pupil diameter by the PNS and what happens if you block M3 receptors

A
  • cholinergic neurons innervate the circular muscles of the iris to cause constriction
  • blocking M3 receptors can’t get the same amount of constriction.
35
Q

What regulates the thickness of lens

A

ciliary muscles

36
Q

cholinergic neurons in eye cause

A

contraction of smooth muscles of the ciliary body to cause fattening of the lens and accommodate near sight.

37
Q

when ciliary muscles constrict, tension on the lens__

38
Q

depolarization of cholinergic nerve endings =

A

induced neurotransmitter release

  • Ca mediated
  • docking of vesicular and membrane proteins
  • VAMPS bind to SNAPs on membrane
  • Ca binding jams vesicles into membrane
39
Q

Ach in synaptic space binds receptors and is then degraded __

A

by acetylcholinesterase to choline and acetate and then can be recycled and resynthesized.

40
Q

First step in NT release is___ which opens

A

depolarization, which opens Na channels and Na moves in. depolarization is detected by voltage-dependent ion channels. Ca channels respond and open, let Ca into nerve ending. Ca facilitates docking of vesicle with membrane.

41
Q

choline is taken into the nerve terminal and__

A

conjugated to acetate by choline acetyltransferase to produce Ach.

42
Q

what inhibits choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)

A

hemichlonium-3

43
Q

synthesized Ach is transported into synaptic vesicles

A

and released upon depolarization of the nerve terminal.

44
Q

vesamicol inhibits

A

VAT, blocks Ach from entering vesicle

45
Q

botulinum toxin blocks

A

calcium from binding to VAMPs– so you don’t get Ach release into synaptic cleft.

46
Q

the sympathetic chain ganglion allows

A

simultaneous activation of multiple organ systems.

47
Q

pre ganglionic nerves of sympathetic that synapse in the chain ganglia are __ and release__

A

generally short and release Ach as the primary NT.

48
Q

sympathetic post-ganglionic nerves leave ___, are generally ____ and release

A

leave the chain ganglia to innervate specific effector organs. are generally longer than pre-ganglionic nerves. and release (-) norepi as the primary NT.

49
Q

sweat glands don’t follow standard sympathetic 2 neuron relay system:

A

they have a pre and post ganglionic cholinergic nerve, they are releasing Ach so they are activating muscarinic receptors that are on sweat glands, this is muscarinic receptors that are part of the sympathetic NS. The adrenal medulla- there is no post ganglionic nerve, this only gets pre ganglionic input, which means that Ach is activating this, it is a nicotinic receptor, this is a modified post ganglionic neuron, the adrenal medulla cells act as though they are a postganglionic neuron so when they are stimulated with Ach and the nicotinic receptors are activated then it releases epi.

50
Q

precursor AA tyrosine is converted to

A

dopamine which is taken into vesicles and converted to NE. NE is stored in the vesicles with ATP and neuropeptide Y and released during nerve terminal depolarization.

51
Q

synthesis of NE from tyrosine flow chart

A

tyrosine–> dopa–> dopamine–> NE

52
Q

Adrenals have ___ which converts

A

PNMT which converts norepi to epi.

53
Q

4 steps of released norepi

A
  1. interacts with specific adrenergic receptors to produce tissue/organ response.
  2. taken back into the nerve terminal by NET. blocked by cocaine, amitriptyline and nortriptyline. after uptake NE can be incorporated into vesicles or metabolized by MAO
  3. taken into post-synaptic tissue by EMT
  4. metabolized by MAO or catechol-O-methyltransferase to inactivate intermediates and finally to HVA and VMA
54
Q

regulation of adrenergic NT release

A

presynaptic receptors on sympathetic nerve terminals influence the release of norepi.

  1. alpha2–> adrenergic and muscarinic, M2 receptors decrease NE release
  2. beta2–> adrenergic, At1- angiotensin and nicotinic, N receptors increase NE release
55
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: eye- iris radial muscle

A

action: contracts

receptor- alpha1

56
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: eye- ciliary muscle

A

action- relaxes

receptor- beta

57
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: heart- SA node

A

action- accelerated

receptor- beta 1 and 2

58
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: heart- ectopic pacemakers

A

action- accelerates

receptor- beta 1 and 2

59
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: heart- contractility

A

action- increases

receptor- beta 1 and 2

60
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: blood vessels- skin

A

action- contracts

receptor- alpha

61
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: blood vessels- skeletal muscle vessels

A

action- relaxes
receptor- beta2

action- contracts
receptor- alpha

action- relaxes
receptor- M

62
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: bronchiolar smooth muscle

A

action- relaxes

receptor- beta2

63
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: GI- smooth muscle walls

A

action- relaxes

receptor- alpha2, beta2

64
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: GI- smooth muscle sphincters

A

action- contracts

receptor- alpha1

65
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: urinary bladder wall

A

action- relaxes

receptor- beta2

66
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: urinary sphincter

A

action- contracts

receptor- alpha1

67
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: skin- pilomotor smooth muscle

A

action- cotracts

receptor- alpha

68
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: skin- sweat glands eccrine

A

action- increases

receptor- M

69
Q

For the organ or structure listed, give its SYMPATHETIC action and receptor: skin- sweat glands apocrine (stress)

A

action- increases

receptor- alpha

70
Q

Adrenoreceptor- location and function: alpha1

A

postsynaptic effector cells. formation of IP3 and DAG, increased intracellular calcium

71
Q

Adrenoreceptor- location and function: alpha2

A

presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals, platelets, lipocytes, smooth muscle. inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, decreased cAMP

72
Q

Adrenoreceptor- location and function: beta1

A

postsynaptic effector cells, especially heart. presynaptic adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals, juxtaglomerular apparatus of renal tubules, ciliary body epithelium. stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, increased cAMP

73
Q

Adrenoreceptor- location and function: beta2

A

postsynaptic effector cells, especially smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and increased cAMP. Activates cardiac Gi under some condition

74
Q

Adrenoreceptor- location and function: beta3

A

postsynaptic effector cells, especially lipocytes. heart. stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and increased cAMP.

PHAR417 (10 decks)

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