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How excited are you to be done with Path? > Review Last 3 Lectures > Flashcards

Review Last 3 Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of neurosyphilis besides ASX

A

meningovascular, paretic, tabes dorsalis

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2
Q

MC presentation of Neurosyphilis

A

stroke of the middle cerebral artery in a young person (Meningovascular)

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3
Q

well circumscribed meningeal granulomas

A

Gummas (neurosyphilis)

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4
Q

febrile Rxn several hours following Tx of early syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer Rxn

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5
Q

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) generally caused by

A

Papovirus family, usually JC virus

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6
Q

disease with death in 3 years

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

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7
Q

disease w/ elevation in Rubeola IgG Ab.

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

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8
Q

white matter hemorrhage and gliosis

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

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9
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies are seen in cytoplasm of glial cells

A

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

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10
Q

flaccid paralysis from destruction of motor neurons in anterior horn and brainstem

A

poliomyelitis

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11
Q

inclusion bodies in neurons, negri bodies

A

rabies (100% diagnostic)

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12
Q

fatty infiltration of the liver and swelling of the kidneys and brain

A

Reye’s syndrome

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13
Q

associated with use of aspirin for flu or chicken pox

A

Reye’s syndrome

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14
Q

Two main examples of Spongiform Encephalopathy (prion Dz)

A

Kuru and Creutzffeldt-Jakob Dz. Each causes rapidly progressive dementia and death within one year.

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15
Q

swollen gyri and narrowed sulci

A

cerebral ischemia

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16
Q

12-24 hours after a Cerebral Infarction (stroke)

A

neurons become vacuolated and eosinophilia of the neuronal cytoplasm occurs (red neurons)

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17
Q

> 24 hours after a Cerebral Infarction (stroke)

A

infiltration by neutrophils begins at edges of lesion

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18
Q

1-14 days after a Cerebral Infarction (stroke)

A

area of infarction is characterized by macrophages and gliosis

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19
Q

most common cause of thrombotic occlusion

A

atherosclerosis

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20
Q

most common area of atherosclerosis in thrombotic occlusion

A

carotid bifurcation or in the vertebrobasilar system…middle cerebral artery is most common

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21
Q

primary underlying cause of Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

HTN…high mortality

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22
Q

cerebellar and brainstem stroke results from pathology in

A

vertebral or basilar arteries

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23
Q

MC clinically significant subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

rupture of Berry Aneurysm

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24
Q

MC type of clinically significant vascular malformation

A

Arteriovenous Malformations

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25
tangled, wormlike vascular channels with prominent, pulsatile shunt
arteriovenous malformations
26
petechiae and fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles in gray and white matter
hypertensive encephalopathy
27
no structural brain damage occurs in
concussion...sx are caused by biochemical changes in neurons (however Dr. Miller is out of date on this FYI...there's an entire new disease that has been discovered and is caused by concussions aka Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy or CTE)
28
sign of brain injury more serious than a concusion
aniscoria
29
MC skull fracture
Linear
30
Artery especially vulnerable in Traumatic Vascular Injury
middle meningeal artery
31
bleed on venous side, dura still attached to skull
subdural hematoma
32
middle meningeal artery ruptured, dura peeled off
epidural hematoma
33
MC type of dementia
Alzheimer's
34
2nd MC type of dementia
vascular
35
MC onset of Alzheimer's
late-onset, >65 yo
36
amyloid plaque is characteristic
Alzheimer's...It is a protein normally associated with tissue degeneration. Normally they are broken down, here they build up.
37
neurofibrillary tangles
Alzheimer's...Insoluble, twisted fibers of Tau protein found within neurons. Tae normally forms microtubules
38
knifelike in appearance
Pick's disease
39
cerebral atrophy is lobar and hits frontal and temporal lobes
Pick's disease
40
substantia nigra with fewer neurons and less pigment
Parkinson's disease
41
characteristic lesions in cytoplasm of neurons known as ___ occur in
Lewy body dementia...differential for Alzheimer's
42
MC demyelinating disease
MS...women 2x more than men
43
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy due to infection by
JC virus
44
dense infiltrates of foamy macrophages with large oligodendrocytes and enlarged astrocytes
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
45
due to overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
central pontine myelinolysis
46
myelin is destroyed but neurons and axons are spared, opposite of infarction
central pontine myelinolysis
47
no obvious accompanying inflammation
Central Pontine Myelinolysis (unline MS or PML)
48
MC brain tumors in kids
astrocytic tumors like glioblastomas followed by medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and craniopharyngiomas
49
MC brain tumor in adults
metastatic followed by astrocytic and meningiomas
50
How often do brain tumors METS outsides of the CNS
rarely
51
4 major classes of primary brain tumors
meningioma (benign), glioma (malignant), neuronal, poorly diff. neoplasms
52
Meningiomas are MC found on
external surface of brain
53
malignant tumors of glial cells
gliomas
54
30-40% of primary intracranial tumors
gliomas
55
MC type of glioma
astrocytomas
56
Most malignant astrocytoma grade
Grade 3--Glioblastoma multiforme
57
2 tumors that together make up 80% of primary brain tumors
fibrillary astrocytoma and glioblastoma
58
MC brain tumor in middle aged adults
Glioblastoma Multiforme
59
MC sites of Glioblastoma Multiforme
frontal and temporal lobes but could be any age/location
60
bifrontal butterfly S-shaped lesion seen on CT. Butterfly lesion infiltrates across the corpus callosum
Glioblastoma Multiforme
61
most often arise adjacent to ventricular system
ependymomas
62
if an ependymoma is found in posterior fossa near 4th ventricle
hydrocephalus is common
63
prognosis of ependymoma
slow growing but prognosis is poor
64
a neuronal tumor is called a ganglioma if
all tumor cells arise directly from ganglion cells
65
MC neuronal tumor
mixture of ganglion cells and glial cells, a ganglioglioma
66
poorly differentiated, appears embryonal (tumor)
medulloblastoma
67
20% of all brain tumors in kids
medulloblastoma
68
tumor that arises exclusively in cerebellum
medulloblastoma
69
tumor that is highly malignant, spreads to spinal cord, and responds well to Tx
medulloblastoma

How excited are you to be done with Path? (3 decks)

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