Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science Chemistry > Review for unit test > Flashcards

Review for unit test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main groups of matter?

A

Pure substances and mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are elements?

A

Fundamental substances listed in the periodic table, each consisting of a specific type of atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are compounds?

A

Formed from groups of different atoms bonded together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are homogeneous mixtures?

A

Mixtures with one visible component, such as saltwater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are heterogeneous mixtures?

A

Mixtures with two or more visible parts, such as salad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Characteristics that can be observed directly, such as color, luster, malleability, ductility, hardness, boiling point, and melting point.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

Describe how a material reacts with other substances, such as wood being combustible or sodium reacting violently with water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are physical changes?

A

Occur when a material changes shape or form without producing new materials, such as ice melting or sugar dissolving in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are chemical changes?

A

Occur when a material undergoes a reaction that produces a new substance, such as the rusting of iron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?

A

In the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are electrons located in an atom?

A

Outside the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged atom formed by gaining or losing electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positively charged ion formed by losing electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why do atoms form ions?

A

To achieve a stable electron configuration, often by having a full outer shell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is hyponatremia?

A

condition caused by low sodium levels in the blood, often due to excessive water consumption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some essential ions in the body?

A

Calcium, phosphorus, and iron ions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do alkali metals form ions?

A

By losing one electron to form a +1 cation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do halogens form ions?

A

By gaining one electron to form a -1 anion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are ions?

A

Charged atoms formed by gaining or losing electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the two main types of ions?

A

Cations (positive) and anions (negative).

26
Q

How do metals typically form ions?

A

By losing electrons to form cations.

27
Q

How do nonmetals typically form ions?

A

By gaining electrons to form anions.

28
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

The attraction between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.

29
Q

Why do atoms form ions?

A

To achieve a stable electron configuration, often by having a full outer shell.

30
Q

What is the role of calcium ions in the body?

A

Calcium ions are important for neurotransmitter function, enzyme activity, muscle contraction, and bone formation.

31
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal.

32
Q

What is the role of magnesium ions in the body?

A

Magnesium ions are essential for ATP function, DNA and RNA formation.

33
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals.

34
Q

What is a Lewis dot diagram?

A

A diagram that shows the valence electrons of an atom as dots.

35
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons.

35
Q

How can you tell if a bond is ionic or covalent?

A

Ionic bonds typically form between a metal and a nonmetal, while covalent bonds form between two nonmetals. You can also look at the electronegativity difference between the atoms.

36
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

A representation of a molecule or compound that shows the types and numbers of atoms present.

37
Q

Formula of water??

A

H2O

38
Q

Formula of Carbon dioxide??

A

CO2

39
Q

Formula of sodium chloride??

A

NaCl

40
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

Strong electrostatic forces, high melting/boiling points, hard/brittle, conduct electricity in solution

41
Q

Molecular Compounds

A

Weak intermolecular forces, low melting/boiling points, soft/flexible, poor conductors of electricity

42
Q

steps of writing chemical formulas

A

identify cation and anion, balance charges, write formula

43
Q

Naming Ionic Compounds

A

Write cation name, write anion name (-ide for nonmetals), combine names

44
Q

Multivalent Metals

A

Use Roman numerals to indicate charge (e.g., Fe²⁺ is iron(II))

45
Q

Covalent Bonding

A

Sharing of electrons between nonmetals

46
Q

Lewis Dot Structures

A

Represent valence electrons as dots around the element symbol

47
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed, total mass of reactants = total mass of products

48
Q

Counting Atoms in Chemical Formulas

A

Use subscripts to determine the number of atoms of each element

49
Q

Balancing Chemical Equations

A

Adjust coefficients to equalize the number of atoms of each element on both sides

50
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

AB → A + B

50
Q

Synthesis Reaction

A

A + B → AB

51
Q

Single-Replacement Reaction

A

A + BC → AC + B

52
Q

Double-Replacement Reaction

A

AB + CD → AD + CB

53
Q

Combustion Reaction

A

Fuel + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + energy

54
Q

Acids

A

Sour taste, corrosive, turns blue litmus red

55
Q

Bases

A

Bitter taste, slippery, turns red litmus blue

56
Q

Neutralization Reaction

A

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

57
Q

rules for naming binary acids

A

Hydro + nonmetal stem + ic acid (e.g., HCl: hydrochloric acid).

58
Q

rules for naming oxyacids

A

Nonmetal oxide + water. If polyatomic ion ends in -ate, acid ends in -ic acid; if -ite, acid ends in -ous acid (e.g., H₂SO₄: sulfuric acid).

59
Q

pH Scale

A

7 is neutral, <7 is acidic, >7 is basic

Science Chemistry (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions