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Science Chemistry > Biology Quiz > Flashcards

Biology Quiz Flashcards

To remember all of the terms

1
Q

What are the three main ideas of cell theory?

A

All living things are made of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms. New cells are produced from existing cells.

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2
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do.

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3
Q

What are some examples of organelles found in eukaryotic cells?

A

Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts (in plant cells), and cell wall (in plant cells).

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane decides what enters and leaves the cell

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5
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities.

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6
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy through cellular respiration.

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7
Q

What is the difference between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

A

The SER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification, while the RER is involved in protein synthesis.

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8
Q

What are the four phases of mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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9
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

Interphase is the period of cell growth and DNA replication before mitosis.

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10
Q

What is the difference between cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells?

A

In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms to divide the cell. In plant cells, a cell plate forms to divide the cell.

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11
Q

What is Cancer??

A

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells.

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12
Q

What are some common causes of cancer?

A

Smoking, exposure to radiation, exposure to certain chemicals, and genetic mutations.

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13
Q

What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

A

A benign tumor is non-cancerous and does not spread to other tissues. A malignant tumor is cancerous and can spread to other tissues.

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14
Q

What is the difference between a tissue and an organ?

A

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar function. An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

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15
Q

What is cellular differentiation?

A

Cellular differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for a particular function.

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16
Q

Name the four main types of tissues and their functions.

A

Epithelial tissue (covers and protects), connective tissue (supports and connects), muscle tissue (contracts for movement), and nervous tissue (sends and receives signals).

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17
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cell types.

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18
Q

What is the difference between pluripotent and multipotent stem cells?

A

Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body, while multipotent stem cells can only differentiate into a few cell types.

19
Q

What are some potential applications of stem cell research?

A

Stem cell research has the potential to treat diseases like diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injuries.

20
Q

What is the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion?

A

Mechanical digestion breaks down food into smaller pieces, while chemical digestion breaks down food into simpler molecules using enzymes.

21
Q

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

A

The liver produces bile, which helps to break down fats.

22
Q

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

A

The pancreas produces enzymes that help to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

23
Q

What are the four components of blood?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

24
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

The heart pumps blood throughout the body.

25
Q

What is coronary artery disease?

A

Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked.

26
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.

27
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

28
Q

How is breathing controlled?

A

Breathing is controlled by the brain, which detects changes in carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

29
Q

What are the two main types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

30
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells are simple, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are the most common type of cell on Earth, and they are found in bacteria, archaea, and blue-green algae.

31
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. They have a nucleus, which contains the cell’s DNA, as well as other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and ribosomes. Eukaryotic cells are found in all other living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

32
Q

What are some examples of specialized eukaryotic cells?

A

Red blood Cells, Muscle Cells, Nerve cells, liver cells, Skin cells etc.

33
Q

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their structure?

A

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. They lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

34
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.

35
Q

What are the phases of mitosis?

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.

36
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

The cell grows and replicates its DNA.

37
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

The chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope breaks down.

38
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

39
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

The chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.

40
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

Two new nuclear envelopes form around the chromosomes.

41
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

The cell divides into two daughter cells.

42
Q

What are some of the important roles of mitosis?

A

Mitosis is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction.

43
Q

What are some of the problems that can occur during mitosis?

A

Problems during mitosis can lead to cancer and many more dangerous diseases.

Science Chemistry (3 decks)

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