Review for test 2 (Muscle)

Question 1

Myoblasts are derived from what type of stem cells?

Answer 1

multipotential myogenic

Question 2

Basal lamina and CT

Answer 2

Endomysium

Question 3

Dense CT surrounding entire muscle

Answer 3

Epimysium

Question 4

Thin filaments

Answer 4

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

Question 5

Thick filaments

Answer 5

Myosin II

Question 6

Myosin head regions have binding sites for

Answer 6

ATP and actin

Question 7

Anchors actin molecules with proteins at the sarcolemma?

Answer 7

Dystrophin

Question 8

Links adjacent filaments to each other

Answer 8

Plectin

Question 9

Intermediate filament extending from one myofibril to the other and anchored to the sarcolemma, encircles the Z disk of each sarcomere.

Answer 9

Desmin

Question 10

Heat shock protein associated with desmin, protects this intermediate filament from stress induced damage.

Answer 10

Alpha beta crystallin

Question 11

ATP binds to myosin and the myosin head

Answer 11

Relaxes

Question 12

ATP is hydrolyzed and

Answer 12

myosin cocks back

Question 13

Phosphate from ATP is release (ADP +P)

Answer 13

myosin head binds to actin

Question 14

ADP is released

Answer 14

power stroke

Question 15

Triad is known as

Answer 15

T tubules and 2 lateral portions of SR

Question 16

When depolarization ends is calcium actively or passively transported back to SR cisternae?

Answer 16

Actively

Question 17

Muscle spindles are innervated by

Answer 17

sensory nerve axons

Question 18

Skeletal muscle energy comes from

Answer 18

FA and glucose

Question 19

Readily available energy in skeletal muscle is stored as

Answer 19

ATP and phosphocreatine

Contains glycogen granules to cope with bursts of energy

Question 20

Type I gets energy from

Answer 20

oxidative phosphorylation of FA

Question 21

Cardiac cells have no

Answer 21

epi or perimysium

Question 22

Transverse portions of intercalated discs run how?

Answer 22

Across fibers at right angles

Question 23

Fascia Adherens (Zonula adherent) holds cardiac muscle cells how?

Answer 23

At their ends for stability

**Anchoring sites for actin

Question 24

Maculae Adherentes (desmosomes)

Answer 24

actually hold cardiac muscle cells together

** prevent cells from pulling apart

Question 25

Transverse portions of interlaced disk consists of

Answer 25

Fascia adherens

Maculae adherens

Question 26

Lateral portion of Intercalated discs consist of

Answer 26

Gap junctions

Question 27

T- tubules are more numerous in cardiac muscle

Answer 27

true

Question 28

Cardiac muscle diads consist of

Answer 28

One T-tubule and one SR cisternae

Question 29

Purkinje fibers are innervated by

Answer 29

parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 30

Smooth muscle cells are enclosed by

Answer 30

Basal lamina and reticular fibers

Question 31

Smooth muscle has no

Answer 31

T-tubules

** Instead have caveolae that act as T tubules

Question 32

In smooth muscle, bindles containing myofilaments criss cross how?

Answer 32

Obliquely

Question 33

Thin filaments of SM

Answer 33

actin and tropomyosin

Question 34

Thick filaments of SM

Answer 34

myosin

Question 35

Actin anchoring protein in SM

Answer 35

alpha actinin

Question 36

What activated MLCK

Answer 36

Calcium calmodulin complex

Question 37

Common second messengers in SM

Answer 37

IP3 and G protein and Nitric oxide

Question 38

SM innervation

Answer 38

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 39

SM has what activity in the absence of nerve stimulation

Answer 39

spontaneous

**Nerves modify rather than initiate

Question 40

SM receives both

Answer 40

adrenergic and cholinergic

Question 41

Some smooth muscle endoplasmic reticulum but not involved in calcium storage

Answer 41

SM

Question 42

Calsequesterin

Answer 42

SK Muscle

Question 43

Gets calcium from extracellular sources

Answer 43

Cardiac

Question 44

Do SM cells regenerate

Answer 44

yes