Review for EOQ # 2

Question 1

What is the difference between an “element” and a “compound”?

Answer 1

“Elements” are made of only one type of atom.

“Compounds” occur when 2 or more elements bond together and can only be separated by chemical means.

Question 2

Explain a “chemical symbol” and how it differs from a “chemical formula”.

Answer 2

A “chemical symbol” is a 1-2 letter code for a chemical element. (A capital letter or capital followed by a lower case letter.)
A “chemical formula” contains letters and numbers (subscripts) that represent the type and number of elements bonded together.

Question 3

What are the physical properties of a metal?

Answer 3

Metals have luster (SHINY) and are malleable, ductile, solids, and good conductors of heat and electricity. ***They are located to the left of the stair steps on the periodic table.

Question 4

What are physical properties of a nonmetal?

Answer 4

Nonmetals are DULL, brittle, earth tone colored, and not good conductors of heat and electricity. ***They are located to the right of the stair steps on the periodic table.

Question 5

What are the physical properties of a metalloid?

Answer 5

Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Some have luster, some are dull, and they are partially conductive of heat and electricity. *** they are located on the stair steps of the periodic table.

Question 6

What are the physical properties? Give 3 examples.

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Answer 6

Think … physically (getting up and going) to turn on That Darn Heat (TDH)
Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. Ex: Temperature, density, and melting point.

Question 7

What are chemical properties? Give 3 examples.

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Answer 7

Chemical properties are the ability or inability to combine to change into one or more substances. Ex: The ability to rust, tarnish, or react with another substance.

Question 8

What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?

Answer 8

In a physical change the substance may look different but it is still the same substance.
During a chemical change a new substance is formed.

Question 9

How do you know if a chemical change has taken place?

Answer 9

Signs of a chemical change include bubbling, fizzing, a change in odor, a change in temperature, production of smoke, formation of a precipitate, and other indications of a new substance being made.

Question 10

What two gases make up 99% of the Earth’s atmosphere?

Answer 10

Nitrogen 78% and Oxygen 21%

Question 11

What 4 main elements make up living things?

Answer 11

Think HONC at living things in the street
H-Hydrogen
O-Oxygen
N-Nitrogen
C-Carbon

Question 12

What 4 main elements make up the oceans?

Answer 12

Think SHOC in the ocean (pronounce like shark)
S-Sodium (salt)
H-Hydrogen
O-Oxygen
C-Chlorine (it’s what they put in pools/water)

Question 13

What 2 main elements make up the crust of the earth?

Answer 13

Think need crust SO we can make a pie
S-Silicon (silly-con)
O-Oxygen

Question 14

The ability of a substance to be pounded into sheets is called …

Answer 14

malleability

Question 15

The ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire is called …

Answer 15

ductility

Question 16

The ability of an object to burn is called …

Answer 16

flammability

Question 17

The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity is called …

Answer 17

conductivity

Question 18

How do we determine the density of a bumpy rock?

Answer 18

Find mass and volume. Then divide mass by volume.
Measure the mass of the rock on a triple beam balance, find the volume of water i displaces in a graduated cylinder, and then divide the mass by the volume.

Question 19

COAL
Define each energy resource, identify as renewable or non renewable, and list 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage for each.
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Answer 19

Coal - A fossil fuel formed from the remains of dead plant and animals from millions of years ago that were transformed by head and pressure over time
Non renewable

Advantages

1. there is a lot of coal in the USA
2. we make money from it and sell it to other countries
3. relatively cheap resource
4. easily transported to power plants

Disadvantage
1. will run out in about 100 years
2. produces the most CO2 and pollution
3 coal miners can get black lung disease
4. mines destroy the environment

Question 20

OIL
Define each energy resource, identify as renewable or non renewable, and list 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage for each.
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Answer 20

Oil - A fossil fuel formed from the remains of dead plant and animals from millions of years ago that were transformed by head and pressure over time
Non renewable

Advantages

1. oil can be found in lots of places in the USA
2. we can easily transport oil in pipes and by tankers or ships
3. relatively cheap resource

Disadvantages

1. oil spills hurt the environment and animals
2. will run out - nonrenewable
3. pollution from burning the oil
4. working on oil rigs can be dangerous - explosions!

Question 21

Define Natural Gas

Answer 21

A fossil fuel formed from the remains of dead plant and animals from millions of years ago that were transformed by head and pressure over time
Non renewable