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Lindsays Flashcardlet > Review Exam 1 Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Review Exam 1 Chapter 22 Flashcards

0
Q

How much resistance to breathing does the nose provide?

A

2/3

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1
Q

What separates the upper and lower airway?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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2
Q

The pharynx extends from the _____ to the ______

A

base of the skull, level of the cricoid cartilage

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3
Q

What cervical level does the nasopharynx lie? It is bound superiorly to _____ and inferiorly by the ______

A

C1
Base of the skull
Soft palate

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4
Q

What level does the oropharynx lie? It is bound superiorly by the _____ and inferiorly by the ______

A

C2 - C3
Soft Palate
Epiglottis

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5
Q

Where does the hypopharynx lie? It is bound superiorly by the _____ and inferiorly by the _____

A

C5 - C6
Superior border of the epiglottis
Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the cricopharyngeus muscle?

A

Acts as a barrier to regurgitation in the conscious patient.

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7
Q

What is the motor innervation of the hypopharynx

A

External SLN - Cricothyroid muscle

RLN - Everything else

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8
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the hypopharynx?

A

Internal branch of SLN - above vocal cords

RLN - Below vocal cords to trachea

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9
Q

What happens with unilateral injury to the RLN?

A

Hoarseness

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10
Q

What happens with bilateral injury to the RLN?

A

Stridor which may lead to severe respiratory distress.

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11
Q

The larynx begins at the epiglottis and extends to the _____

A

Cricoid cartilage

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12
Q

What three things is the larynx composed of?

A

3 paired cartilages
3 single cartilages
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

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13
Q

What are the 3 single cartilages?

A

thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis

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14
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilages?

A

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

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15
Q

What are the 4 functions of the larynx?

A
  1. Protect the lower airway from aspiration
  2. Patency between the hypopharynx and trachea
  3. Gag & cough reflexes
  4. Phonation
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16
Q

Blood supply to the larynx originates from the _____.

A

External carotid

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17
Q

What supplies blood to the supraglottic region of the larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal artery (arises from superior thyroid artery which is a branch of the external carotid)

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18
Q

What supplies blood to the infraglottic region of the larynx?

A

Inferior laryngeal artery (a terminal branch of the inferior thyroid artery)

19
Q

What laryngeal muscles elongate the vocal cords?

A

CricoThyroid (Chords Tense)

20
Q

What laryngeal muscles abduct the vocal cords?

A

Posterior CricoArytenoids (Please Come Apart)

21
Q

What laryngeal structures Adduct the airway?

A

Lateral CricoArytenoids

22
Q

How long is the trachea in adults?

23
Q

The trachea is composed of _____ to ______ C-shaped rings

24
What is the only complete tracheal ring in the trachea?
Cricoid Cartilage
25
What is the angle of bifurcation of the right mainstem bronchus?
25 - 30 degrees
26
What is the distance from the right bifurcation to the right upper lobe?
2.5 cm
27
What is the angle of the left mainstem bronchus?
45 degrees
28
How long is the left mainstem bronchus?
5 cm
29
Where do the tracheobronchial trees receive sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?
Sympathetic: 1st - 5th thoracic ganglia Parasympathetic: Vagus
30
What are the hallmark signs of an upper airway obstruction?
Hoarse/muffled voice Difficulty swallowing secretions Stridor Dyspnea
31
Stridor is associated with a ____% decrease in airway circumference or ____ mm or less
50% | 4.5mm
32
What 3 cranial nerves need to be considered during an airway block?
Trigeminal, Cranial, and Vagus
33
What does the trigeminal nerve innervate in the arway?
- opthamalic & maxillary division: nasal septum and lateral wall - maxillary division: forms lingual nerve which provides sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
34
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate in the airway?
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue, soft palate, and oropharynx.
35
Application of local anesthetic into the nasal passages blocks which nerves?
anterior ethmoidal, nasopalatine, and sphenopalatine nerve.
36
Methemoglobinemia is associated with what type of topical spray?
Benzocaine (hurricane) spray
37
How much cricoid pressure should be applied to prevent aspiration?
20 N (2kg) of force prior to loss of consiousness and then 40 N (4 kg) of force after loss of consiousness
38
LMA size 1 weight
less than 5 kg
39
LMA 1.5 weight
5-10 kg
40
LMA 2 weight
10 - 20 kg
41
LMA 2.5 weight
20-30 kg
42
LMA 3 weight
30-50 kg
43
LMA 4 weight
50-70
44
LMA 5 weight
70-100 kg

Lindsays Flashcardlet (27 decks)

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