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Lindsays Flashcardlet > Review Exam 1 Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Review Exam 1 Chapter 22 Flashcards

0
Q

How much resistance to breathing does the nose provide?

A

2/3

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1
Q

What separates the upper and lower airway?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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2
Q

The pharynx extends from the _____ to the ______

A

base of the skull, level of the cricoid cartilage

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3
Q

What cervical level does the nasopharynx lie? It is bound superiorly to _____ and inferiorly by the ______

A

C1
Base of the skull
Soft palate

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4
Q

What level does the oropharynx lie? It is bound superiorly by the _____ and inferiorly by the ______

A

C2 - C3
Soft Palate
Epiglottis

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5
Q

Where does the hypopharynx lie? It is bound superiorly by the _____ and inferiorly by the _____

A

C5 - C6
Superior border of the epiglottis
Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the cricopharyngeus muscle?

A

Acts as a barrier to regurgitation in the conscious patient.

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7
Q

What is the motor innervation of the hypopharynx

A

External SLN - Cricothyroid muscle

RLN - Everything else

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8
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the hypopharynx?

A

Internal branch of SLN - above vocal cords

RLN - Below vocal cords to trachea

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9
Q

What happens with unilateral injury to the RLN?

A

Hoarseness

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10
Q

What happens with bilateral injury to the RLN?

A

Stridor which may lead to severe respiratory distress.

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11
Q

The larynx begins at the epiglottis and extends to the _____

A

Cricoid cartilage

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12
Q

What three things is the larynx composed of?

A

3 paired cartilages
3 single cartilages
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

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13
Q

What are the 3 single cartilages?

A

thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis

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14
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilages?

A

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

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15
Q

What are the 4 functions of the larynx?

A
  1. Protect the lower airway from aspiration
  2. Patency between the hypopharynx and trachea
  3. Gag & cough reflexes
  4. Phonation
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16
Q

Blood supply to the larynx originates from the _____.

A

External carotid

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17
Q

What supplies blood to the supraglottic region of the larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal artery (arises from superior thyroid artery which is a branch of the external carotid)

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18
Q

What supplies blood to the infraglottic region of the larynx?

A

Inferior laryngeal artery (a terminal branch of the inferior thyroid artery)

19
Q

What laryngeal muscles elongate the vocal cords?

A

CricoThyroid (Chords Tense)

20
Q

What laryngeal muscles abduct the vocal cords?

A

Posterior CricoArytenoids (Please Come Apart)

21
Q

What laryngeal structures Adduct the airway?

A

Lateral CricoArytenoids

22
Q

How long is the trachea in adults?

A

10-20 cm

23
Q

The trachea is composed of _____ to ______ C-shaped rings

A

16 to 20

24
Q

What is the only complete tracheal ring in the trachea?

A

Cricoid Cartilage

25
Q

What is the angle of bifurcation of the right mainstem bronchus?

A

25 - 30 degrees

26
Q

What is the distance from the right bifurcation to the right upper lobe?

A

2.5 cm

27
Q

What is the angle of the left mainstem bronchus?

A

45 degrees

28
Q

How long is the left mainstem bronchus?

A

5 cm

29
Q

Where do the tracheobronchial trees receive sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation?

A

Sympathetic: 1st - 5th thoracic ganglia

Parasympathetic: Vagus

30
Q

What are the hallmark signs of an upper airway obstruction?

A

Hoarse/muffled voice
Difficulty swallowing secretions
Stridor
Dyspnea

31
Q

Stridor is associated with a ____% decrease in airway circumference or ____ mm or less

A

50%

4.5mm

32
Q

What 3 cranial nerves need to be considered during an airway block?

A

Trigeminal, Cranial, and Vagus

33
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve innervate in the arway?

A
  • opthamalic & maxillary division: nasal septum and lateral wall
  • maxillary division: forms lingual nerve which provides sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
34
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate in the airway?

A

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue, soft palate, and oropharynx.

35
Q

Application of local anesthetic into the nasal passages blocks which nerves?

A

anterior ethmoidal, nasopalatine, and sphenopalatine nerve.

36
Q

Methemoglobinemia is associated with what type of topical spray?

A

Benzocaine (hurricane) spray

37
Q

How much cricoid pressure should be applied to prevent aspiration?

A

20 N (2kg) of force prior to loss of consiousness and then 40 N (4 kg) of force after loss of consiousness

38
Q

LMA size 1 weight

A

less than 5 kg

39
Q

LMA 1.5 weight

A

5-10 kg

40
Q

LMA 2 weight

A

10 - 20 kg

41
Q

LMA 2.5 weight

A

20-30 kg

42
Q

LMA 3 weight

A

30-50 kg

43
Q

LMA 4 weight

A

50-70

44
Q

LMA 5 weight

A

70-100 kg

Lindsays Flashcardlet (27 decks)

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