Review and critique what recent research into BCT has told us about intervening to change HB and how this could be used to develop an intervention

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

• BCTs
• -examples
• -aims
• -issues
• -definitions, delay
• -taxonomies

Question 2

Paragraph 1

Answer 2

• Abraham and Michie (2008, 2013)
• Michie et al (2012) and Michie, Hyder, Walia and West (2011b)
• French et al (2014), Michie et al (2011)
• Orlander at al (2013), Webb et al (2010)

Question 3

Paragraph 2

Answer 3

• Michie, Abraham, Whittington and Gupta (2009)

- Henrich et al (2015)

Question 4

Paragraph 3

Answer 4

• Milne, Orbell and Sheeran (2002)
• full factorial design
• Webb, Joseph, Yardley and Michie (2010)
• Murphy (1996)
• Bishop et al (2015)

Question 5

Paragraph 4

Answer 5

• contexts
• -school, Kahn et al (2012)
• -Worksite, Anderson et al (2009)
• -Healthcare, Stead, Berson and Lancaster (2008)

Question 6

Conclusion

Answer 6

• BCT
• Taxonomies
• Combinations
• Context

Question 7

Abraham and Michie (2008, 2013)

Answer 7

developed a taxonomy of 26 different behavioural change techniques, in order to provide a common language to describe techniques making up an intervention. This was done to increase the likelihood of replicating studies and other interventions, which increases the reliability which intervention / behaviour change technique effectively causes changes to behaviour. Since 2008 the list has been expanded to incorporate a wider range of techniques with the latest version in 2013 incorporating 93 distinct behavioural change techniques.

Question 8

Michie et al (2012)

Answer 8

Taxonomy lists also specify specific health behaviours such as alcohol intake

Question 9

Michie, Hyder, Walia and West (2011b)

Answer 9

Taxonomy lists also specify specific health behaviours such as smoking

Question 10

French et al (2014)

Answer 10

conducted a meta-analysis of 16 studies investigated which BCTs were most effective at changing physical activity in older adults using Michie et al’s (2011) taxonomy of BCTs

Question 11

Orlander et al (2013); Webb et al (2010)

Answer 11

Barrier Identification/Problem Solving to be one of the most effective behavioural change techniques for changing physical activity

Question 12

Michie, Abraham, Whittington and Gupta (2009)

Answer 12

self-monitoring is the most useful behavioural change technique, while prompting self-talk seems to be the least useful

Question 13

Henrich et al (2015)

Answer 13

self-monitoring was particularly effective in improving irritable bowel syndrome symptoms and well-being

Question 14

Milne, Orbell and Sheeran (2002)

Answer 14

conducted a study that was designed to increase the likelihood of partaking in at least 20 minutes of exercise. There were 3 groups, a control group, a group that received a motivational message, and a group that received a motivation message and then asked to form an Implementation intention regarding when and where they would exercise. At follow up 38% of the control group and 35% of the group that only received a motivational message reported exercising. However, those who had also been asked to form implementation intentions reported a 91% increase in exercising.

Question 15

Webb, Joseph, Yardley and Michie (2010)

Answer 15

interventions that had more techniques were more likely to produce greater increases in physical activity

Question 16

Murphy (1996)

Answer 16

interventions in the workplace to reduce stress reported larger effects on outcome measures after using a combination of interventions, than those that focused on a single BCT

Question 17

Bishop et al (2015)

Answer 17

having BCTs to change physical activity outcomes that were unique to the target intervention had larger effect sizes

Question 18

Kahn et al (2012)

Answer 18

after modifications to physical activity classes, aerobic capacity, flexibility and muscular endurance all increased, without adverse effects on other school commitments.

Question 19

Anderson et al (2009)

Answer 19

employers may provide free workplace gyms to encourage employees to participate in regular exercise, this helps to overcome barriers of cost and opportunities

Question 20

Stead, Bergson and Lancaster (2008)

Answer 20

Doctors advice on smoking cessation raised quit rates to 4-6% from 2-3% without assistance