Physical activity in the workplace

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

• PA,
• -O’Donovan et al (2010)
• -Department of health (2004)
• illness,
• -Booth, Roberts and Laye (2014)
• -Jackson and Cox (2006)
• -ISDHHS (1996)

Question 2

Paragraph 1

Answer 2

McEachan et al, why/why not

Question 3

Paragraph 2

Answer 3

• Theory, TPB, Ajzen, (1983)
• McEachan et al (2011)
• Hagger et al (2002)

Question 4

Paragraph 3

Answer 4

• ‘AME for activity’
• -McEachan, Lawton, Jackson, Conner and Lunt (2008)
• -who
• -facilitators

Question 5

Paragraph 4

Answer 5

• Intervention strategies
• Results
• -McEachan et al (2008)
• -fidelity checks
• council employees

Question 6

Conclusion

Answer 6

• PA
• Theory
• interventions, AME for activity
• fidelity

Question 7

O’Donovan et al (2010)

Answer 7

recommendations are 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise every week

Question 8

Department of health, (2004)

Answer 8

recommendations 30 minutes of at least moderate physical activity on at least 5 days of the week

Question 9

Booth, Roberts and Laye (2014)

Answer 9

A lack of physical activity is associated with mental disorders such as depression and anxiety as well as physical illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and even breast cancer

Question 10

Jackson and Cox (2006)

Answer 10

Overall there are 28 million days that are lost each year due to occupational health

Question 11

ISDHHS (1996)

Answer 11

sickness and mental health disorders could be prevented by increased physical activity

Question 12

McEachan et al (2011)

paragraph 1

Answer 12

• barriers and influences individuals state are most common for partaking/not in physical activity.
• content analysis on 16 focus groups containing bus drivers, council members and hospital workers,
• not having any time was stated as the main reason for not exercising in 12 out of the 16 groups. This was closely followed by the statements that they were too tired to do exercise after work (11/16) and that they simply could not be bothered (8/16).
• main reasons individuals took part in physical activity due to the social side of it, stating that doing things with other people, was there main reason for physical activity (5/16). This was closely followed by having access to a gym at work (4/16).

Question 13

Ajzen (1983)

Answer 13

Theory that has shown to be an adequate model of behaviour change is the theory of planned behaviour

Question 14

McEachan et al (2011)

paragraph 2

Answer 14

attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control explained 37% of variance in changes to behavioural intentions, while behavioural intentions and perceived behavioural control explained only 19% of variance in behaviour change

Question 15

Hagger et al (2002)

Answer 15

meta-analysis on the applications of TPB to physical activity of 70 studies and found that the majority were successful. TPB explained 24-27% of variance in behaviour and 45-46% variance in intentions

Question 16

McEachan, Lawton, Jackson, Conner and Lunt (2008)

Answer 16

• ‘AME for activity’ intervention
• aimed to increase levels of at least moderate intensity physical activity in sedentary employees including, Bus drivers, Council employees and Hospital employees over three months.
• delivered by in-house facilitators that had no previous special knowledge for implementing interventions, but were trained over 2 days to deliver the intervention.
• strategies included raising awareness to change attitudes towards physical activity
• companies were asked to conduct a launch week for the intervention, interactive leaflets and posters were put up around the companies and there were knowledge quizzes that took place.
• aimed in increase motivation in employees through setting targets, making plans, monitoring activity and conducting team challenges.
• monitoring activities and goal setting employees increased their positive attitude surrounding physical activities.
• environments were changed to include managerial support, newsletters and reminders to exercise in order to change perceived behavioural control of physical activity.
• self-reported the number of minutes spent doing moderate to vigorous activity over seven days at a baseline measurement, at post intervention (3 months), at 6 months and 12 months. There was found to be no effect of intervention.

Question 17

McEachan et al (2008)

Answer 17

Only council facilitators delivering the intervention as intended.

• claimed to receive apathy from colleagues, and had to compete with time demands. Lack of immediate managerial support also led to employees getting disheartened and so participation decreased as employees dropped out.
• fidelity checks such as facilitator logs and researcher monitoring should have been implemented in order to assess the effectiveness of intervention.
• council employees results only, found intervention groups had 46 more minutes of moderate/vigorous physical activity, with the greatest effect found immediately post-intervention.