Compare and contrast any two social cognitive models and how they have been applied to health behaviours

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

• SCT, Bandura (1986)
• Health Behaviours, Conner and Norman (2008)
• PMT, Rogers (1975)-methodologies

Question 2

Paragraph 1

Answer 2

• SCT, Bandura (1986)
• Hyde et al (2008), self-efficacy
• Luszczynska (2012), outcome expectancies

Question 3

Paragraph 2

Answer 3

• PMT, Rogers (1975)

- coping appraisals, example, similarities with SCT

Question 4

Paragraph 3

Answer 4

• threat appraisals
• -examples
• -rogers (1975)
• -similarities
• -Luszczynska (2012)
• -fear
• –Van der Velde & Van der Pligt, 1991
• –Boer and Mashamba, 2005, shouldnt target

Question 5

Paragraph 4

Answer 5

• Widman et al, 2014 -communications
• Li et al (2004)
• Regan and Morisky (2013)
• Scmerecnik and Ruiter (2010)

Question 6

Paragraph 5

Answer 6

• self-efficacy
• Armitage and Conner (2007)
• Chen et al (2010)
• Reid and Aiken (2011)
• But
• -Social suport
• -Schwarzer and Knoll (2007)

Question 7

Conclusion

Answer 7

• explains sexual risk behaviours
• differences between PMT and SCT for OE and SE
• SE most predictive -> focus in intervention

Question 8

Hyde et al (2008)

Answer 8

the majority of reviewed studies that used social cognitive theory as a basis for intervention, found positive effects upon self-efficacy. Of the reviewed studies those assessing behaviour change found significant changes in behaviour.

Question 9

Luszczynska (2012) Paragraph 1

Answer 9

OE and SE are the best predictors of engaging in regular cervical cancer screening this proposes that both self-efficacy and outcome expectancies play a role in encouraging creating, removing or continuing health behaviours.

Question 10

Rogers (1975)

Answer 10

the more individuals perceive threat (perceive the severity of the threat and vulnerability to it to be high), the more likely individuals will be to take part in or stop a behaviour that is perceived to reduce the risk.

Question 11

Luszczynska (2012) Paragraph 3

Answer 11

more perceived risk of cervical cancer due to outcome expectancies of not performing the behaviour was found to increase the likelihood of screening adherence

Question 12

Van der Velde and Van der Pligt (1991)

Answer 12

condom use intentions in multiple-partner heterosexuals was directly affected by fear

Question 13

Boer and Mashamba (2005)

Answer 13

PMT to be effective at increasing condom levels in African Americans, also found a non-significant relationship between fear and intentions to use condoms

Question 14

Widman et al (2014)

Answer 14

investigating the characteristics of sexual communication that may best explain adolescent’s condom use, found that communications of fear and concerns of wearing a condom and behavioural intentions, were not as predictive as communications referring to Self-efficacy of wearing a condom

Question 15

Li et al (2004)

Answer 15

found PMT constructs were predictive of levels of sexual risk behaviour signifying the constructs of PMT can help to discourage sexual risk behaviour

Question 16

Regan and Morisky (2013)

Answer 16

only constructs of perceived severity and response efficacy were predictive of consistent condom use

Question 17

Smerecnik and Ruiter (2010)

Answer 17

after manipulating threat and coping appraisals for condom use, only coping appraisals had a significant effect on condom use intentions

Question 18

Armitage and Conner (2007)

Answer 18

the dominant role of self-efficacy in many health behaviour models (e.g. PMT), infer self-efficacy is more important than SCT

Question 19

Chen et al (2010)

Answer 19

investigated an adolescent’s HIV prevention programme that aimed to increase response efficacy, self-efficacy, condom use intentions and behaviour at 36 months. The results from Chen’s study found self-efficacy mediated the interventions effect on condom use

Question 20

Reid and Aiken (2011)

Answer 20

condom use was best predicted by self-efficacy compared to other constructs from the SCT, TPB and information-motivation behavioural skills model.

Question 21

Schwarzer and Knoll (2007)

Answer 21

support cultivation effect; self-efficacy facilitates social support