Review

Question 1

What do filter feeders have to accomplish to survive?

Answer 1

draw in food floating in water
prevent fouling-sucking in waste products
discharge filtered water
filter out food particles
move filtered food into gut for digestion
make flow rates efficient
prevent filter from clogging and sort food from nonfood

Question 2

For tunicates (Urochordata), explain filter feeding?

Answer 2

flow caused by cilia in pharynx
mucus fibers filter food
to prevent filter from clogging, tentacles keep nonfood particles away, compressing circular muscles cause backwash

Question 3

For Cephalochordata, explain filter feeding?

Answer 3

burry themselves in the sand with head out
waste is expelled into the sand to prevent fouling
tentacles stop clogging by determining food from nonfood

Question 4

For Hemichordata, explain filter feeding?

Answer 4

a burrow is created with several openings
fecal matter, 2 auxiliary openings & main
food is deposited down the hole over the proboscis and into the mouth at the collar
water leaves throught the gill slits

Question 5

Why are Annelida segmented? Hypothesis 1 & 2

Answer 5

1. Individual segments are more efficient for hydrostatic force
2. segmentation is a framework for specialization

Question 6

For Annelida, Explain filter feeding?

Answer 6

Annelida tube-dwellers (parchment worms), have modified their segments to carry the mucus bag for filtering food and other parapodia for creating current to suck water through the tube

Question 7

For Bivalvia, explain filter feeding?

Answer 7

Cilia create water current, water & food is pulled into siphon and food caught by ctenidia excess water expelled out of siphon with waste

Question 8

Which phyla use pseudopods?

Answer 8

Amoeboids - Phylum Rhizopoda, Granuloreticulosa, Heliozoa, Radiolaria
Phylum Porifera

Question 9

Which Phyla are spiral cleavage?

Answer 9

from 4D cell

Question 10

Which phyla have infraciliature? & what is it?

Answer 10

Phylum Ciliophora

it anchors cilia

Question 11

Which phyla have spicules?

Answer 11

Phylum Porifera Class Demospongiae & Hexactinellida (SiO2)
Class Calcarea (CaCO3)

Question 12

Which phyla secrete CaCO3?

Answer 12

Foraminifera

Question 13

Who has flagellum 9+2 microtubules?

Answer 13

The flagellates - Phylum Euglenozoa, Dinozoa
& Trichozoa
Ciliates - Ciliophora

Question 14

who has radial symmetry?

Answer 14

Phylum Porifera, Cnidaria

Question 15

Who has torsioned body?

Answer 15

Phylum Mollusca

Class Gastropoda

Question 16

What is torsion?

Answer 16

When the anus is twisted to the front.

Question 17

Who has choanocytes?

Answer 17

Phylum Porifera

Question 18

Where is DNA stored?

Answer 18

(ciliophora) Heteromorphic Nucleus - Micronucleus holds the DNA & macronucleus is for day-to-day process

Question 19

Immune response?

Answer 19

recognition of self

Question 20

What phyla are asymmetric?

Answer 20

Amoeboids, Phylum Porifera

Question 21

What is cell specialization?

Answer 21

2+ cell types

Question 22

Phylum Porifera, explain filter feeding?

Answer 22

choanocytes create slow water current, food caught by microvilli and amoebocytes transport & digest, fouling is minimized by fast water movement away from sponge

Question 23

What is radial cleavage?

Answer 23

endoderm budding

Question 24

which phyla lack circulatory system?

Answer 24

Cnidaria